/* Copyright (C) 2014 InfiniDB, Inc.

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
   as published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of
   the License.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
   Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston,
   MA 02110-1301, USA. */

/*
  Copyright (c) 2007 Alexander Eremin <netwhistler@gmail.com>
All rights reserved.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
   list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

The views and conclusions contained in the software and documentation are those
of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing official policies,
either expressed or implied, of the FreeBSD Project.
*/

#include "mcsconfig.h"

#include <cstdio>
#include <cerrno>
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#define NOMINMAX
#include <windows.h>
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <ws2tcpip.h>
#include <iphlpapi.h>
#include <icmpapi.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#else
#if __FreeBSD__
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>
#endif
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#endif
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <cstring>

#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
using namespace std;

#include <boost/scoped_array.hpp>
using boost::scoped_array;

#define INETSTREAMSOCKET_DLLEXPORT
#include "inetstreamsocket.h"
#undef INETSTREAMSOCKET_DLLEXPORT
#include "bytestream.h"
#include "iosocket.h"
#include "socketparms.h"
#include "socketclosed.h"
#include "logger.h"
#include "loggingid.h"
#include "idbcompress.h"

// some static functions
namespace
{
using messageqcpp::ByteStream;

// @bug 2441 - Retry after 512 read() error.
// ERESTARTSYS (512) is a kernal I/O errno that is similar to a EINTR, except
// that it is not supposed to "leak" out into the user space.   But we are
// sometimes seeing "unknown error 512" error msgs in response to calls to
// read(), so adding logic to retry after ERESTARTSYS the way we do for EINTR.
//const int KERR_ERESTARTSYS = 512;

#ifdef _MSC_VER
const int MaxSendPacketSize = 64 * 1024;
#endif

int in_cksum(unsigned short* buf, int sz)
{
    int nleft = sz;
    int sum = 0;
    unsigned short* w = buf;
    unsigned short ans = 0;

    while (nleft > 1)
    {
        sum += *w++;
        nleft -= 2;
    }

    if (nleft == 1)
    {
        *(unsigned char*)(&ans) = *(unsigned char*)w;
        sum += ans;
    }

    sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xFFFF);
    sum += (sum >> 16);
    ans = ~sum;
    return ans;
}

} //namespace anon

namespace messageqcpp
{

InetStreamSocket::InetStreamSocket(size_t blocksize) :
    fSocketParms(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP),
    fBlocksize(blocksize),
    fSyncProto(true),
    fMagicBuffer(0)
{
    memset(&fSa, 0, sizeof(fSa));
    fConnectionTimeout.tv_sec = 20;
    fConnectionTimeout.tv_nsec = 0;
}

InetStreamSocket::~InetStreamSocket()
{
}

void InetStreamSocket::open()
{
    int bufferSize;
    int ret;
    socklen_t bufferSizeSize;

    if (isOpen())
        throw logic_error("InetStreamSocket::open: socket is already open");

    int sd;
    sd = ::socket(fSocketParms.domain(), fSocketParms.type(), fSocketParms.protocol());
    int e = errno;

    if (sd < 0)
    {
#ifdef _MSC_VER
        int wsaError = WSAGetLastError();

        if (wsaError == WSANOTINITIALISED)
        {
            WSAData wsadata;
            const WORD minVersion = MAKEWORD(2, 2);

            if (WSAStartup(minVersion, &wsadata) == 0)
            {
                if (wsadata.wVersion == minVersion)
                {
                    sd = ::socket(fSocketParms.domain(), fSocketParms.type(), fSocketParms.protocol());
                    e = errno;

                    if (sd >= 0) goto setopts;
                }

                //Didn't get the required min version, error out
            }

            //WSAStartup failed, continue to report error
        }

#endif
        string msg = "InetStreamSocket::open: socket() error: ";
        scoped_array<char> buf(new char[80]);
#if STRERROR_R_CHAR_P
        const char* p;

        if ((p = strerror_r(e, buf.get(), 80)) != 0)
            msg += p;

#else
        int p;

        if ((p = strerror_r(e, buf.get(), 80)) == 0)
            msg += buf.get();

#endif
        throw runtime_error(msg);
    }

#ifdef _MSC_VER
setopts:
#endif

    /*  XXXPAT:  If we have latency problems again, try these...
    	bufferSizeSize = 4;
    	bufferSize = 512000;
    	setsockopt(sd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &bufferSize, bufferSizeSize);
    	bufferSize = 512000;
    	setsockopt(sd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &bufferSize, bufferSizeSize);
    	bufferSize = 1;
    	setsockopt(sd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVLOWAT, &bufferSize, bufferSizeSize);
    	setsockopt(sd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDLOWAT, &bufferSize, bufferSizeSize);
    */
    bufferSize = 1;
    bufferSizeSize = 4;
    ret = setsockopt(sd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, (const char*)&bufferSize, bufferSizeSize);

    if (ret < 0)
    {
        perror("setsockopt");
        exit(1);
    }

    bufferSize = 1;
    ret = setsockopt(sd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (const char*)&bufferSize, bufferSizeSize);

    if (ret < 0)
    {
        perror("setsockopt");
        exit(1);
    }

    fSocketParms.sd(sd);
}

void InetStreamSocket::close()
{
    if (isOpen())
    {
        ::shutdown(fSocketParms.sd(), SHUT_RDWR);
#ifdef _MSC_VER
        ::closesocket(fSocketParms.sd());
#else
        ::close(fSocketParms.sd());
#endif
        fSocketParms.sd(-1);
    }
}

// needs to be in sync with clone()
void InetStreamSocket::doCopy(const InetStreamSocket& rhs)
{
    fBlocksize = rhs.fBlocksize;
    fSocketParms = rhs.fSocketParms;
    fSa = rhs.fSa;
    fConnectionTimeout = rhs.fConnectionTimeout;
    fSyncProto = rhs.fSyncProto;
}

// needs to be in sync with doCopy()
Socket* InetStreamSocket::clone() const
{
    InetStreamSocket* iss = new InetStreamSocket(fBlocksize);
    iss->fSocketParms = fSocketParms;
    iss->fSa = fSa;
    iss->fConnectionTimeout = fConnectionTimeout;
    iss->fSyncProto = fSyncProto;
    return iss;
}

InetStreamSocket::InetStreamSocket(const InetStreamSocket& rhs)
{
    doCopy(rhs);
}

InetStreamSocket& InetStreamSocket::operator=(const InetStreamSocket& rhs)
{
    if (this != &rhs)
        doCopy(rhs);

    return *this;
}

/* The caller needs to know when/if the remote closes the connection or sends data.
 * Returns 0 on timeout, 1 if there is data to read, 2 if the connection was dropped.
 */
int InetStreamSocket::pollConnection(int connectionNum, long msecs)
{
    struct pollfd pfd[1];
    int err;

retry:
    memset(&pfd, 0, sizeof(struct pollfd));
    pfd[0].fd = connectionNum;
    pfd[0].events = POLLIN;
    err = poll(pfd, 1, msecs);

    if (err < 0)
    {
        int e = errno;

        if (e == EINTR || e == KERR_ERESTARTSYS)
            goto retry;
    }

    // Linux doesn't set POLLHUP, need add'l check for data or EOF
    if (pfd[0].revents & POLLIN)
    {
        char buf;
        err = ::recv(connectionNum, &buf, 1, MSG_PEEK);

        if (err == 0)
            return 2;
        else if (err == 1)	// there is in fact data to read
            return 1;
        else
            return 3;
    }

    if (err == 0)	// timeout
        return 0;

    return 3;       // catch-all error code
}

/* returns true when the next thing in the stream is the beginning of a new
ByteStream object. */
bool InetStreamSocket::readToMagic(long msecs, bool* isTimeOut, Stats* stats) const
{
    int err;
    struct pollfd pfd[1];
    uint8_t* magicBuffer8;

    fMagicBuffer = 0;
    magicBuffer8 = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(&fMagicBuffer);
    pfd[0].fd = fSocketParms.sd();
    pfd[0].events = POLLIN;

    while ((fMagicBuffer != BYTESTREAM_MAGIC) && (fMagicBuffer != COMPRESSED_BYTESTREAM_MAGIC))
    {

        if (msecs >= 0)
        {
            pfd[0].revents = 0;

            err = poll(pfd, 1, msecs);

            if (err < 0)
            {
                int e = errno;

                if (e == EINTR)
                {
                    continue;
                }

                if (e == KERR_ERESTARTSYS)
                {
                    logIoError("InetStreamSocket::readToMagic(): I/O error1", e);
                    continue;
                }

                ostringstream oss;
                oss << "InetStreamSocket::readToMagic(): I/O error1: " <<
                    strerror(e);
                throw runtime_error(oss.str());
            }

            if (pfd[0].revents & (POLLHUP | POLLNVAL | POLLERR))
            {
                ostringstream oss;
                oss << "InetStreamSocket::readToMagic(): I/O error1: rc-" <<
                    err << "; poll signal interrupt ( ";

                if (pfd[0].revents & POLLHUP)
                    oss << "POLLHUP ";

                if (pfd[0].revents & POLLNVAL)
                    oss << "POLLNVAL ";

                if (pfd[0].revents & POLLERR)
                    oss << "POLLERR ";

                oss << ")";
                throw runtime_error(oss.str());
            }

            if (err == 0) // timeout
            {
                if (isTimeOut)
                    *isTimeOut = true;

                return false;
            }
        }

        fMagicBuffer = fMagicBuffer >> 8;
retry:
#ifdef _MSC_VER
        err = ::recv(fSocketParms.sd(), (char*)&magicBuffer8[3], 1, 0);
#else
        err = ::read(fSocketParms.sd(), &magicBuffer8[3], 1);
#endif

        if (err < 0)
        {
            int e = errno;
#ifdef _MSC_VER

            if (WSAGetLastError() == WSAECONNRESET)
            {
                //throw runtime_error("connection reset by peer");
                if (msecs < 0) return false;
                else throw SocketClosed("InetStreamSocket::readToMagic: Remote is closed");
            }

#endif

            if (e == EINTR)
            {
                goto retry;
            }

            if (e == KERR_ERESTARTSYS)
            {
                logIoError("InetStreamSocket::readToMagic(): I/O error2.0", e);
                goto retry;
            }

            ostringstream oss;
            oss << "InetStreamSocket::readToMagic(): I/O error2.1: " <<
                "err = " << err << " e = " << e <<
#ifdef _MSC_VER
                " WSA error = " << WSAGetLastError() <<
#endif
                ": " << strerror(e);
            throw runtime_error(oss.str());
        }

        // EOF. If no timeout was specified, ByteStream() gets returned to the caller.
        // If one was, throw SocketClosed.
        if (err == 0)	// EOF. if a timeout was specified, ByteStream()
        {
            if (msecs < 0)
                return false;
            else
                throw SocketClosed("InetStreamSocket::readToMagic: Remote is closed");
        }

        if (stats)
            stats->dataRecvd(1);
    }

    return true;
}

const SBS InetStreamSocket::read(const struct ::timespec* timeout, bool* isTimeOut, Stats* stats) const
{
    long msecs = -1;

    struct pollfd pfd[1];
    pfd[0].fd = fSocketParms.sd();
    pfd[0].events = POLLIN;

    if (timeout != 0)
        msecs = timeout->tv_sec * 1000 + timeout->tv_nsec / 1000000;

    // we need to read the 4-byte message length first.
    uint32_t msglen;
    uint8_t* msglenp = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(&msglen);
    size_t mlread = 0;

    if (readToMagic(msecs, isTimeOut, stats) == false)	//indicates a timeout or EOF
    {
        // MCOL-480 The connector calls with timeout in a loop so that
        // it can check a killed flag. This means that for a long running query,
        // the following fills the warning log.
//		if (isTimeOut && *isTimeOut)
//		{
//			logIoError("InetStreamSocket::read: timeout during readToMagic", 0);
//		}
        return SBS(new ByteStream(0));
    }

    //FIXME: This seems like a lot of work to read 4 bytes...
    while (mlread < sizeof(msglen))
    {
        ssize_t t;

        if (timeout != NULL)
        {
            int err;

            pfd[0].revents = 0;
            err = poll(pfd, 1, msecs);

            if (err < 0 || pfd[0].revents & (POLLERR | POLLHUP | POLLNVAL))
            {
                ostringstream oss;
                oss << "InetStreamSocket::read: I/O error1: " <<
                    strerror(errno);
                throw runtime_error(oss.str());
            }

            if (err == 0)  // timeout
            {
                if (isTimeOut)
                    *isTimeOut = true;

                logIoError("InetStreamSocket::read: timeout during first poll", 0);
                return SBS(new ByteStream(0));
            }
        }

#ifdef _MSC_VER
        t = ::recv(fSocketParms.sd(), (char*)(msglenp + mlread), sizeof(msglen) - mlread, 0);
#else
        t = ::read(fSocketParms.sd(), msglenp + mlread, sizeof(msglen) - mlread);
#endif

        if (t == 0)
        {
            if (timeout == NULL)
            {
                logIoError("InetStreamSocket::read: timeout during first read", 0);
                return SBS(new ByteStream(0));  // don't return an incomplete message
            }
            else
                throw SocketClosed("InetStreamSocket::read: Remote is closed");
        }

        if (t < 0)
        {
            int e = errno;

            if (e == EINTR)
            {
                continue;
            }

            if (e == KERR_ERESTARTSYS)
            {
                logIoError("InetStreamSocket::read: I/O error2", e);
                continue;
            }

            ostringstream oss;
            oss << "InetStreamSocket::read: I/O error2: " <<
                strerror(e);
            throw runtime_error(oss.str());
        }

        mlread += t;
    }

    if (stats)
        stats->dataRecvd(sizeof(msglen));

    SBS res(new ByteStream(msglen));
    uint8_t* bufp = res->getInputPtr();

    size_t nread = 0;

    //Finally read the actual message...
    while (nread < msglen)
    {
        ssize_t t;

        if (timeout != NULL)
        {
            int err;

            pfd[0].revents = 0;
            err = poll(pfd, 1, msecs);

            if (err < 0 || pfd[0].revents & (POLLERR | POLLHUP | POLLNVAL))
            {
                ostringstream oss;
                oss << "InetStreamSocket::read: I/O error3: " <<
                    strerror(errno);
                throw runtime_error(oss.str());
            }

            if (err == 0)  // timeout
            {
                if (isTimeOut)
                {
                    logIoError("InetStreamSocket::read: timeout during second poll", 0);
                    *isTimeOut = true;
                }

                if (stats)
                    stats->dataRecvd(nread);

                return SBS(new ByteStream(0));
            }
        }

#ifdef _MSC_VER
        int readAmount = std::min((int)msglen - (int)nread, MaxSendPacketSize);
        t = ::recv(fSocketParms.sd(), (char*)(bufp + nread), readAmount, 0);
#else
        t = ::read(fSocketParms.sd(), bufp + nread, msglen - nread);
#endif

        if (t == 0)
        {
            if (stats)
                stats->dataRecvd(nread);

            if (timeout == NULL)
                return SBS(new ByteStream(0));	// don't return an incomplete message
            else
            {
                logIoError("InetStreamSocket::read: timeout during second read", 0);
                throw SocketClosed("InetStreamSocket::read: Remote is closed");
            }
        }

        if (t < 0)
        {
            ostringstream oss;
#ifdef _MSC_VER
            int e = WSAGetLastError();
            oss << "InetStreamSocket::read: I/O error4: WSA: " << e;
#else
            int e = errno;

            if (e == EINTR)
            {
                continue;
            }

            if (e == KERR_ERESTARTSYS)
            {
                logIoError("InetStreamSocket::read: I/O error4", e);
                continue;
            }

            oss << "InetStreamSocket::read: I/O error4: " <<
                strerror(e);
#endif

            if (stats)
                stats->dataRecvd(nread);

            throw runtime_error(oss.str());
        }

        nread += t;
    }

    if (stats)
        stats->dataRecvd(msglen);

    res->advanceInputPtr(msglen);
    return res;
}

/*
* The protocol here is that we write the length of the ByteStream first, then the bytes. On the
* read side, we reverse it.
*/

void InetStreamSocket::write(SBS msg, Stats* stats)
{
    write(*msg, stats);
}

void InetStreamSocket::do_write(const ByteStream& msg, uint32_t whichMagic, Stats* stats) const
{
    uint32_t msglen = msg.length();
    uint32_t magic = whichMagic;
    uint32_t* realBuf;

    if (msglen == 0) return;

    /* buf.fCurOutPtr points to the data to send; ByteStream guarantees that there
       are at least 8 bytes before that for the magic & length fields */
    realBuf = (uint32_t*)msg.buf();
    realBuf -= 2;
    realBuf[0] = magic;
    realBuf[1] = msglen;

    try
    {
        written(fSocketParms.sd(), (const uint8_t*)realBuf, msglen + sizeof(msglen) + sizeof(magic));
    }
    catch (std::exception& ex)
    {
        string errorMsg(ex.what());
        errorMsg += " -- write from " + toString();
        throw runtime_error(errorMsg);
    }

    if (stats)
        stats->dataSent(msglen + sizeof(msglen) + sizeof(magic));
}

void InetStreamSocket::write(const ByteStream& msg, Stats* stats)
{
    do_write(msg, BYTESTREAM_MAGIC, stats);
}

void InetStreamSocket::write_raw(const ByteStream& msg, Stats* stats) const
{
    uint32_t msglen = msg.length();

    if (msglen == 0) return;

    try
    {
        written(fSocketParms.sd(), msg.buf(), msglen);
    }
    catch (std::exception& ex)
    {
        string errorMsg(ex.what());
        errorMsg += " -- write_raw from " + toString();
        throw runtime_error(errorMsg);
    }

    if (stats)
        stats->dataSent(msglen);
}

void InetStreamSocket::bind(const sockaddr* serv_addr)
{
    memcpy(&fSa, serv_addr, sizeof(sockaddr_in));

    if (::bind(fSocketParms.sd(), serv_addr, sizeof(sockaddr_in)) != 0)
    {
        int e = errno;
        string msg = "InetStreamSocket::bind: bind() error: ";
        scoped_array<char> buf(new char[80]);
#if STRERROR_R_CHAR_P
        const char* p;

        if ((p = strerror_r(e, buf.get(), 80)) != 0)
            msg += p;

#else
        int p;

        if ((p = strerror_r(e, buf.get(), 80)) == 0)
            msg += buf.get();

#endif
        throw runtime_error(msg);
    }

}

void InetStreamSocket::listen(int backlog)
{
#ifndef _MSC_VER
    fcntl(socketParms().sd(), F_SETFD, fcntl(socketParms().sd(), F_GETFD) | FD_CLOEXEC);
#endif

    if (::listen(socketParms().sd(), backlog) != 0)
    {
        int e = errno;
        string msg = "InetStreamSocket::listen: listen() error: ";
        scoped_array<char> buf(new char[80]);
#if STRERROR_R_CHAR_P
        const char* p;

        if ((p = strerror_r(e, buf.get(), 80)) != 0)
            msg += p;

#else
        int p;

        if ((p = strerror_r(e, buf.get(), 80)) == 0)
            msg += buf.get();

#endif
        throw runtime_error(msg);
    }

}

const IOSocket InetStreamSocket::accept(const struct timespec* timeout)
{
    int clientfd;
    long msecs = 0;

    IOSocket ios(new InetStreamSocket(fBlocksize));

    struct pollfd pfd[1];
    pfd[0].fd = socketParms().sd();
    pfd[0].events = POLLIN;

    if (timeout != 0)
    {
        msecs = timeout->tv_sec * 1000 + timeout->tv_nsec / 1000000;

        if (poll(pfd, 1, msecs) != 1 || (pfd[0].revents & POLLIN) == 0 ||
                pfd[0].revents & (POLLERR | POLLHUP | POLLNVAL))
            return ios;
    }

    struct sockaddr sa;

    socklen_t sl = sizeof(sa);

    int e;

    do
    {
        clientfd = ::accept(socketParms().sd(), &sa, &sl);
        e = errno;
    }
    while (clientfd < 0 && (e == EINTR ||
#ifdef ERESTART
                            e == ERESTART ||
#endif
#ifdef ECONNABORTED
                            e == ECONNABORTED ||
#endif
                            false));

    if (clientfd < 0)
    {
        string msg = "InetStreamSocket::accept: accept() error: ";
        scoped_array<char> buf(new char[80]);
#if STRERROR_R_CHAR_P
        const char* p;

        if ((p = strerror_r(e, buf.get(), 80)) != 0)
            msg += p;

#else
        int p;

        if ((p = strerror_r(e, buf.get(), 80)) == 0)
            msg += buf.get();

#endif
        throw runtime_error(msg);
    }

    if (fSyncProto)
    {
        /* send a byte to artificially synchronize with connect() on the remote */
        char b = 'A';
        int ret;

        ret = ::send(clientfd, &b, 1, 0);
        e = errno;

        if (ret < 0)
        {
            ostringstream  os;
            char blah[80];
#if STRERROR_R_CHAR_P
            const char* p;

            if ((p = strerror_r(e, blah, 80)) != 0)
                os << "InetStreamSocket::accept sync: " << p;

#else
            int p;

            if ((p = strerror_r(e, blah, 80)) == 0)
                os << "InetStreamSocket::accept sync: " << blah;

#endif
            ::close(clientfd);
            throw runtime_error(os.str());
        }
        else if (ret == 0)
        {
            ::close(clientfd);
            throw runtime_error("InetStreamSocket::accept sync: got unexpected error code");
        }
    }

    SocketParms sp;
    sp = ios.socketParms();
    sp.sd(clientfd);
    ios.socketParms(sp);
    ios.sa(&sa);
    return ios;

}

void InetStreamSocket::connect(const sockaddr* serv_addr)
{
    memcpy(&fSa, serv_addr, sizeof(sockaddr_in));

    if (::connect(socketParms().sd(), serv_addr, sizeof(sockaddr_in)))
    {
        int e = errno;
        string msg = "InetStreamSocket::connect: connect() error: ";
#ifdef _MSC_VER
        char m[80];
        int x = WSAGetLastError();

        if (x == WSAECONNREFUSED)
            strcpy(m, "connection refused");
        else
            sprintf(m, "%d 0x%x", x, x);

        msg += m;
#else
        scoped_array<char> buf(new char[80]);
#if STRERROR_R_CHAR_P
        const char* p;

        if ((p = strerror_r(e, buf.get(), 80)) != 0)
            msg += p;

#else
        int p;

        if ((p = strerror_r(e, buf.get(), 80)) == 0)
            msg += buf.get();

#endif
#endif
        msg += " to: " + toString();
        throw runtime_error(msg);
    }

    if (!fSyncProto)
        return;

    /* read a byte to artificially synchronize with accept() on the remote */
    int ret = -1;
    int e = EBADF;
    struct pollfd pfd;

    long msecs = fConnectionTimeout.tv_sec * 1000 + fConnectionTimeout.tv_nsec / 1000000;

    do
    {
        pfd.fd = socketParms().sd();
        pfd.revents = 0;
        pfd.events = POLLIN;
        ret = poll(&pfd, 1, msecs);
        e = errno;
    }
    while (ret == -1 && e == EINTR && !(pfd.revents & (POLLERR | POLLHUP | POLLNVAL)));

    // success
    if (ret == 1)
    {
#ifdef _MSC_VER
        char buf = '\0';
        (void)::recv(socketParms().sd(), &buf, 1, 0);
#else
#if defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ >= 5
#pragma GCC diagnostic push
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-result"
        char buf = '\0';
        ::read(socketParms().sd(), &buf, 1);   // we know 1 byte is in the recv buffer
#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
#else
        char buf = '\0';
        ::read(socketParms().sd(), &buf, 1);   // we know 1 byte is in the recv buffer
#endif // pragma
#endif
        return;
    }

    /* handle the various errors */
    if (ret == 0)
        throw runtime_error("InetStreamSocket::connect: connection timed out");
    else if (ret == -1 && e != EINTR)
    {
        ostringstream  os;
        char blah[80];
#if STRERROR_R_CHAR_P
        const char* p;

        if ((p = strerror_r(e, blah, 80)) != 0)
            os << "InetStreamSocket::connect: " << p;

#else
        int p;

        if ((p = strerror_r(e, blah, 80)) == 0)
            os << "InetStreamSocket::connect: " << blah;

#endif
        throw runtime_error(os.str());
    }
    else
        throw runtime_error("InetStreamSocket::connect: unknown connection error");
}

const string InetStreamSocket::toString() const
{
    ostringstream oss;
    char buf[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
    const SocketParms& sp = fSocketParms;
    oss << "InetStreamSocket: sd: " << sp.sd() <<
#ifndef _MSC_VER
        " inet: " << inet_ntop(AF_INET, &fSa.sin_addr, buf, INET_ADDRSTRLEN) <<
#endif
        " port: " << ntohs(fSa.sin_port);
    return oss.str();
}

//
//  Log a Warning msg pertaining to an I/O error; Currently used to log a
//  ERESTARTSYS (errno 512) condition, but could be used to log any other
//  I/O error that will retried.
//
void InetStreamSocket::logIoError(const char* errMsg, int errNum) const
{
    logging::Logger        logger(31);
    logging::Message::Args args;
    logging::LoggingID     li(31);
    args.add(errMsg);
    args.add(strerror(errNum));
    args.add(toString());

    logging::MsgMap msgMap;
    msgMap[logging::M0071] = logging::Message( logging::M0071 );
    logger.msgMap(msgMap);

    logger.logMessage(logging::LOG_TYPE_WARNING, logging::M0071, args, li);
}

ssize_t InetStreamSocket::written(int fd, const uint8_t* ptr, size_t nbytes) const
{
    size_t nleft;
    ssize_t nwritten;
    const char* bufp;

    nleft = nbytes;
    bufp = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(ptr);

    while (nleft > 0)
    {
        // the O_NONBLOCK flag is not set, this is a blocking I/O.
#ifdef _MSC_VER
        int writeAmount = std::min((int)nleft, MaxSendPacketSize);

        if ((nwritten = ::send(fd, bufp, writeAmount, 0)) < 0)
#else
        if ((nwritten = ::write(fd, bufp, nleft)) < 0)
#endif
        {
            if (errno == EINTR)
                nwritten = 0;
            else
            {
                // save the error no first
                int e = errno;
                string errorMsg = "InetStreamSocket::write error: ";
                scoped_array<char> buf(new char[80]);
#if STRERROR_R_CHAR_P
                const char* p;

                if ((p = strerror_r(e, buf.get(), 80)) != 0)
                    errorMsg += p;

#else
                int p;

                if ((p = strerror_r(e, buf.get(), 80)) == 0)
                    errorMsg += buf.get();

#endif
                throw runtime_error(errorMsg);
            }
        }

        nleft -= nwritten;
        bufp += nwritten;
    }

    return nbytes;
}

const string InetStreamSocket::addr2String() const
{
    string s;
#ifdef _MSC_VER
    //This is documented to be thread-safe in Windows
    s = inet_ntoa(fSa.sin_addr);
#else
    char dst[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
    s = inet_ntop(AF_INET, &fSa.sin_addr, dst, INET_ADDRSTRLEN);
#endif
    return s;
}

bool InetStreamSocket::isSameAddr(const Socket* rhs) const
{
    const InetStreamSocket* issp = dynamic_cast<const InetStreamSocket*>(rhs);

    if (!issp) return false;

    return (fSa.sin_addr.s_addr == issp->fSa.sin_addr.s_addr);
}

/*static*/
int InetStreamSocket::ping(const std::string& ipaddr, const struct timespec* timeout)
{
    sockaddr_in pingaddr;
    memset(&pingaddr, 0, sizeof(pingaddr));

    if (inet_aton(ipaddr.c_str(), &pingaddr.sin_addr) == 0)
        return -1;

    long msecs = 30 * 1000;

    if (timeout)
        msecs = timeout->tv_sec * 1000 + timeout->tv_nsec / 1000000;

#ifndef _MSC_VER
    int pingsock;
    pingsock = ::socket(PF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);

    if (pingsock < 0)
        return -1;

    ssize_t len = 0;
    size_t pktlen = 0;
    const size_t PktSize = 1024;
    char pkt[PktSize];
    memset(pkt, 0, PktSize);
    struct icmp* pingPktPtr = reinterpret_cast<struct icmp*>(pkt);

    pingPktPtr->icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
    pingPktPtr->icmp_cksum = in_cksum(reinterpret_cast<unsigned short*>(pkt), PktSize);

    pktlen = 56 + ICMP_MINLEN;
    len = ::sendto(pingsock, pkt, pktlen, 0, reinterpret_cast<const struct sockaddr*>(&pingaddr),
                   sizeof(pingaddr));

    if (len < 0 || static_cast<size_t>(len) != pktlen)
    {
        ::close(pingsock);
        return -1;
    }

    memset(pkt, 0, PktSize);
    pktlen = PktSize;

    int pollrc = 0;
    pollrc = pollConnection(pingsock, msecs);

    if (pollrc != 1)
    {
        ::close(pingsock);
        return -1;
    }

    len = ::recvfrom(pingsock, pkt, pktlen, 0, 0, 0);

    if (len < 76)
    {
        ::close(pingsock);
        return -1;
    }

    struct ip* iphdr = reinterpret_cast<struct ip*>(pkt);

    pingPktPtr = reinterpret_cast<struct icmp*>(pkt + (iphdr->ip_hl << 2));

    if (pingPktPtr->icmp_type != ICMP_ECHOREPLY)
    {
        ::close(pingsock);
        return -1;
    }

    ::close(pingsock);

#else //Windows version
    HANDLE icmpFile;
    icmpFile = IcmpCreateFile();

    if (icmpFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
        return -1;

    DWORD ret;
    const size_t PingPktSize = 1024;
    char rqd[PingPktSize];
    WORD rqs = PingPktSize;
    char rpd[PingPktSize];
    DWORD rps = PingPktSize;

    ZeroMemory(rqd, PingPktSize);
    ZeroMemory(rpd, PingPktSize);

    rqs = 64;

    ret = IcmpSendEcho(icmpFile, pingaddr.sin_addr.s_addr, rqd, rqs, 0, rpd, rps, msecs);

    if (ret <= 0)
    {
        IcmpCloseHandle(icmpFile);
        return -1;
    }

    PICMP_ECHO_REPLY echoReply = (PICMP_ECHO_REPLY)rpd;

    if (echoReply->Status != IP_SUCCESS)
    {
        IcmpCloseHandle(icmpFile);
        return -1;
    }

    IcmpCloseHandle(icmpFile);
#endif

    return 0;
}

bool InetStreamSocket::isConnected() const
{
    int error = 0;
    socklen_t len = sizeof(error);
    int retval = getsockopt(fSocketParms.sd(), SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, &error, &len);

    if (error || retval)
        return false;

    struct pollfd pfd[1];
    pfd[0].fd = fSocketParms.sd();
    pfd[0].events = POLLIN;
    pfd[0].revents = 0;

    error = poll(pfd, 1, 0);

    if ((error < 0) || (pfd[0].revents & (POLLHUP | POLLNVAL | POLLERR)))
    {
        return false;
    }

    return true;
}

bool InetStreamSocket::hasData() const
{
    int count;
    char buf[1];
    ssize_t retval;
    ioctl(fSocketParms.sd(), FIONREAD, &count);

    if (count)
        return true;

    // EAGAIN | EWOULDBLOCK means the socket is clear. Anything else is data or error
    retval = recv(fSocketParms.sd(), buf, 1, MSG_DONTWAIT);

    if (retval & (EAGAIN | EWOULDBLOCK))
        return false;

    return true;
}

} //namespace messageqcpp

