% \iffalse meta-comment
%
%% File: l3msg.dtx Copyright (C) 2009-2017 The LaTeX3 Project
%
% It may be distributed and/or modified under the conditions of the
% LaTeX Project Public License (LPPL), either version 1.3c of this
% license or (at your option) any later version.  The latest version
% of this license is in the file
%
%    http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
%
% This file is part of the "l3kernel bundle" (The Work in LPPL)
% and all files in that bundle must be distributed together.
%
% -----------------------------------------------------------------------
%
% The development version of the bundle can be found at
%
%    https://github.com/latex3/latex3
%
% for those people who are interested.
%
%<*driver>
\documentclass[full]{l3doc}
\begin{document}
  \DocInput{\jobname.dtx}
\end{document}
%</driver>
% \fi
%
% \title{^^A
%   The \pkg{l3msg} package\\ Messages^^A
% }
%
% \author{^^A
%  The \LaTeX3 Project\thanks
%    {^^A
%      E-mail:
%        \href{mailto:latex-team@latex-project.org}
%          {latex-team@latex-project.org}^^A
%    }^^A
% }
%
% \date{Released 2017/09/18}
%
% \maketitle
%
% \begin{documentation}
%
% Messages need to be passed to the user by modules, either when errors
% occur or to indicate how the code is proceeding. The \pkg{l3msg}
% module provides a consistent method for doing this (as opposed to
% writing directly to the terminal or log).
%
% The system used by \pkg{l3msg} to create messages divides the process
% into two distinct parts. Named messages are created in the first part
% of the process; at this stage, no decision is made about the type of
% output that the message will produce. The second part of the process
% is actually producing a message. At this stage a choice of message
% \emph{class} has to be made, for example \texttt{error},
% \texttt{warning} or \texttt{info}.
%
% By separating out the creation and use of messages, several benefits
% are available. First, the messages can be altered later without
% needing details of where they are used in the code. This makes it
% possible to alter the language used, the detail level and so on.
% Secondly, the output which results from a given message can be
% altered. This can be done on a message class, module or message name
% basis. In this way, message behaviour can be altered and messages can
% be entirely suppressed.
%
% \section{Creating new messages}
%
% All messages have to be created before they can be used.
% The text of messages is automatically wrapped to the length
% available in the console. As a result, formatting is only needed
% where it helps to show meaning. In particular, |\\| may be
% used to force a new line and \verb*|\ | forces an explicit space.
% Additionally, |\{|, |\#|, |\}|, |\%| and |\~| can be used to produce
% the corresponding character.
%
% Messages may be subdivided \emph{by one level} using the~|/|
% character.  This is used within the message filtering system to allow
% for example the \LaTeX{} kernel messages to belong to the module
% \texttt{LaTeX} while still being filterable at a more granular level.
% Thus for example
% \begin{verbatim}
%   \msg_new:nnnn { mymodule } { submodule / message } ...
% \end{verbatim}
% will allow to filter out specifically messages from the \texttt{submodule}.
%
% \begin{function}[updated = 2011-08-16]{\msg_new:nnnn, \msg_new:nnn}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{msg_new:nnnn} \Arg{module} \Arg{message} \Arg{text} \Arg{more text}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Creates a \meta{message} for a given \meta{module}.
%   The message is defined to first give \meta{text} and then
%   \meta{more text} if the user requests it. If no \meta{more text} is
%   available then a standard text is given instead. Within \meta{text}
%   and \meta{more text} four parameters (|#1| to |#4|) can be used:
%   these will be supplied at the time the message is
%   used. An error is raised if the \meta{message} already exists.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}{\msg_set:nnnn, \msg_set:nnn, \msg_gset:nnnn, \msg_gset:nnn}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{msg_set:nnnn} \Arg{module} \Arg{message} \Arg{text} \Arg{more text}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Sets up the text for a \meta{message} for a given \meta{module}.
%   The message is defined to first give \meta{text} and then
%   \meta{more text} if the user requests it. If no \meta{more text} is
%   available then a standard text is given instead. Within \meta{text}
%   and \meta{more text} four parameters (|#1| to |#4|) can be used:
%   these will be supplied at the time the message is used.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP, pTF, added = 2012-03-03]{\msg_if_exist:nn}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{msg_if_exist_p:nn} \Arg{module} \Arg{message}
%     \cs{msg_if_exist:nnTF} \Arg{module} \Arg{message} \Arg{true code} \Arg{false code}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Tests whether the \meta{message} for the \meta{module} is currently
%   defined.
% \end{function}
%
% \section{Contextual information for messages}
%
% \begin{function}[rEXP]{\msg_line_context:}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{msg_line_context:}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Prints the current line number when a message is given, and
%   thus suitable for giving context to messages. The number itself
%   is proceeded by the text |on line|.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP]{\msg_line_number:}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{msg_line_number:}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Prints the current line number when a message is given.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP]{\msg_fatal_text:n}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{msg_fatal_text:n} \Arg{module}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Produces the standard text
%   \begin{quote}
%     \ttfamily
%     Fatal \meta{module} error
%   \end{quote}
%   This function can be redefined to alter the language in which the
%   message is given, using |#1| as the name of the \meta{module} to
%   be included.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP]{\msg_critical_text:n}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{msg_critical_text:n} \Arg{module}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Produces the standard text
%   \begin{quote}
%     \ttfamily
%     Critical \meta{module} error
%   \end{quote}
%   This function can be redefined to alter the language in which the
%   message is given, using |#1| as the name of the \meta{module} to
%   be included.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP]{\msg_error_text:n}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{msg_error_text:n} \Arg{module}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Produces the standard text
%   \begin{quote}
%     \ttfamily
%     \meta{module} error
%   \end{quote}
%   This function can be redefined to alter the language in which the
%   message is given, using |#1| as the name of the \meta{module} to
%   be included.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP]{\msg_warning_text:n}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{msg_warning_text:n} \Arg{module}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Produces the standard text
%   \begin{quote}
%     \ttfamily
%     \meta{module} warning
%   \end{quote}
%   This function can be redefined to alter the language in which the
%   message is given, using |#1| as the name of the \meta{module} to
%   be included.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP]{\msg_info_text:n}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{msg_info_text:n} \Arg{module}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Produces the standard text:
%   \begin{quote}
%     \ttfamily
%     \meta{module} info
%   \end{quote}
%   This function can be redefined to alter the language in which the
%   message is given, using |#1| as the name of the \meta{module} to
%   be included.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP]{\msg_see_documentation_text:n}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{msg_see_documentation_text:n} \Arg{module}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Produces the standard text
%   \begin{quote}
%     \ttfamily
%
%     See the \meta{module} documentation for further information.
%   \end{quote}
%   This function can be redefined to alter the language in which the
%   message is given, using |#1| as the name of the \meta{module} to
%   be included.
% \end{function}
%
% \section{Issuing messages}
%
% Messages behave differently depending on the message class. In all cases,
% the message may be issued supplying~$0$ to~$4$ arguments.  If the number of
% arguments supplied here does not match the number in the definition of the
% message, extra arguments are ignored, or empty arguments added (of
% course the sense of the message may be impaired). The four arguments are
% converted to strings before being added to the message text: the
% \texttt{x}-type variants should be used to expand material.
%
% \begin{function}[updated = 2012-08-11]
%   {
%     \msg_fatal:nnnnnn ,
%     \msg_fatal:nnnnn  ,
%     \msg_fatal:nnnn   ,
%     \msg_fatal:nnn    ,
%     \msg_fatal:nn     ,
%     \msg_fatal:nnxxxx ,
%     \msg_fatal:nnxxx  ,
%     \msg_fatal:nnxx   ,
%     \msg_fatal:nnx
%   }
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{msg_fatal:nnnnnn} \Arg{module} \Arg{message} \Arg{arg one} \Arg{arg two} \Arg{arg three} \Arg{arg four}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Issues \meta{module} error \meta{message}, passing \meta{arg one} to
%   \meta{arg four} to the text-creating functions. After issuing a
%   fatal error the \TeX{} run halts.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[updated = 2012-08-11]
%   {
%     \msg_critical:nnnnnn ,
%     \msg_critical:nnnnn  ,
%     \msg_critical:nnnn   ,
%     \msg_critical:nnn    ,
%     \msg_critical:nn     ,
%     \msg_critical:nnxxxx ,
%     \msg_critical:nnxxx  ,
%     \msg_critical:nnxx   ,
%     \msg_critical:nnx
%   }
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{msg_critical:nnnnnn} \Arg{module} \Arg{message} \Arg{arg one} \Arg{arg two} \Arg{arg three} \Arg{arg four}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Issues \meta{module} error \meta{message}, passing \meta{arg one} to
%   \meta{arg four} to the text-creating functions.  After issuing a
%   critical error, \TeX{} stops reading the current input file.
%   This may halt the \TeX{} run (if the current file is the main file)
%   or may abort reading a sub-file.
%   \begin{texnote}
%     The \TeX{} \tn{endinput} primitive is used to exit the file.  In
%     particular, the rest of the current line remains in the input
%     stream.
%   \end{texnote}
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[updated = 2012-08-11]
%   {
%     \msg_error:nnnnnn ,
%     \msg_error:nnnnn  ,
%     \msg_error:nnnn   ,
%     \msg_error:nnn    ,
%     \msg_error:nn     ,
%     \msg_error:nnxxxx ,
%     \msg_error:nnxxx  ,
%     \msg_error:nnxx   ,
%     \msg_error:nnx
%   }
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{msg_error:nnnnnn} \Arg{module} \Arg{message} \Arg{arg one} \Arg{arg two} \Arg{arg three} \Arg{arg four}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Issues \meta{module} error \meta{message}, passing \meta{arg one} to
%   \meta{arg four} to the text-creating functions.  The error
%   interrupts processing and issues the text at the terminal.  After user
%   input, the run continues.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[updated = 2012-08-11]
%   {
%     \msg_warning:nnnnnn ,
%     \msg_warning:nnnnn  ,
%     \msg_warning:nnnn   ,
%     \msg_warning:nnn    ,
%     \msg_warning:nn     ,
%     \msg_warning:nnxxxx ,
%     \msg_warning:nnxxx  ,
%     \msg_warning:nnxx   ,
%     \msg_warning:nnx
%   }
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{msg_warning:nnxxxx} \Arg{module} \Arg{message} \Arg{arg one} \Arg{arg two} \Arg{arg three} \Arg{arg four}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Issues \meta{module} warning \meta{message}, passing \meta{arg one}
%   to \meta{arg four} to the text-creating functions. The warning text
%   is added to the log file and the terminal, but the \TeX{} run
%   is not interrupted.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[updated = 2012-08-11]
%   {
%     \msg_info:nnnnnn ,
%     \msg_info:nnnnn  ,
%     \msg_info:nnnn   ,
%     \msg_info:nnn    ,
%     \msg_info:nn     ,
%     \msg_info:nnxxxx ,
%     \msg_info:nnxxx  ,
%     \msg_info:nnxx   ,
%     \msg_info:nnx
%   }
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{msg_info:nnnnnn} \Arg{module} \Arg{message} \Arg{arg one} \Arg{arg two} \Arg{arg three} \Arg{arg four}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Issues \meta{module} information \meta{message}, passing
%   \meta{arg one} to \meta{arg four} to the text-creating functions.
%   The information text is added to the log file.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[updated = 2012-08-11]
%   {
%     \msg_log:nnnnnn ,
%     \msg_log:nnnnn  ,
%     \msg_log:nnnn   ,
%     \msg_log:nnn    ,
%     \msg_log:nn     ,
%     \msg_log:nnxxxx ,
%     \msg_log:nnxxx  ,
%     \msg_log:nnxx   ,
%     \msg_log:nnx
%   }
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{msg_log:nnnnnn} \Arg{module} \Arg{message} \Arg{arg one} \Arg{arg two} \Arg{arg three} \Arg{arg four}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Issues \meta{module} information \meta{message}, passing
%   \meta{arg one} to \meta{arg four} to the text-creating functions.
%   The information text is added to the log file: the output
%   is briefer than \cs{msg_info:nnnnnn}.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[updated = 2012-08-11]
%   {
%     \msg_none:nnnnnn ,
%     \msg_none:nnnnn  ,
%     \msg_none:nnnn   ,
%     \msg_none:nnn    ,
%     \msg_none:nn     ,
%     \msg_none:nnxxxx ,
%     \msg_none:nnxxx  ,
%     \msg_none:nnxx   ,
%     \msg_none:nnx
%   }
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{msg_none:nnnnnn} \Arg{module} \Arg{message} \Arg{arg one} \Arg{arg two} \Arg{arg three} \Arg{arg four}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Does nothing: used as a message class to prevent any output at
%   all (see the discussion of message redirection).
% \end{function}
%
% \section{Redirecting messages}
%
% Each message has a \enquote{name}, which can be used to alter the behaviour
% of the message when it is given. Thus we might have
% \begin{verbatim}
%   \msg_new:nnnn { module } { my-message } { Some~text } { Some~more~text }
% \end{verbatim}
% to define a message, with
% \begin{verbatim}
%   \msg_error:nn { module } { my-message }
% \end{verbatim}
% when it is used. With no filtering, this raises an error. However, we
% could alter the behaviour with
% \begin{verbatim}
%   \msg_redirect_class:nn { error } { warning }
% \end{verbatim}
% to turn all errors into warnings, or with
% \begin{verbatim}
%   \msg_redirect_module:nnn { module } { error } { warning }
% \end{verbatim}
% to alter only messages from that module, or even
% \begin{verbatim}
%   \msg_redirect_name:nnn { module } { my-message } { warning }
% \end{verbatim}
% to target just one message. Redirection applies first to individual messages,
% then to messages from one module and finally to messages of one class. Thus
% it is possible to select out an individual message for special treatment
% even if the entire class is already redirected.
%
% Multiple redirections are possible.  Redirections can be cancelled by
% providing an empty argument for the target class.  Redirection to a
% missing class raises an error immediately.  Infinite loops are
% prevented by eliminating the redirection starting from the target of
% the redirection that caused the loop to appear.  Namely, if
% redirections are requested as $A \to B$, $B \to C$ and $C \to A$ in
% this order, then the $A \to B$ redirection is cancelled.
%
% \begin{function}[updated = 2012-04-27]{\msg_redirect_class:nn}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{msg_redirect_class:nn} \Arg{class one} \Arg{class two}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Changes the behaviour of messages of \meta{class one} so that they
%   are processed using the code for those of \meta{class two}.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[updated = 2012-04-27]{\msg_redirect_module:nnn}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{msg_redirect_module:nnn} \Arg{module} \Arg{class one} \Arg{class two}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Redirects message of \meta{class one} for \meta{module} to act as
%   though they were from \meta{class two}. Messages of \meta{class one}
%   from sources other than \meta{module} are not affected by this
%   redirection. This function can be used to make some messages
%   \enquote{silent} by default. For example, all of the
%   \texttt{warning} messages of \meta{module} could be turned off with:
%   \begin{verbatim}
%     \msg_redirect_module:nnn { module } { warning } { none }
%   \end{verbatim}
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[updated = 2012-04-27]{\msg_redirect_name:nnn}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{msg_redirect_name:nnn} \Arg{module} \Arg{message} \Arg{class}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Redirects a specific \meta{message} from a specific \meta{module} to
%   act as a member of \meta{class} of messages.  No further redirection
%   is performed.  This function can be used to make a selected message
%   \enquote{silent} without changing global parameters:
%   \begin{verbatim}
%     \msg_redirect_name:nnn { module } { annoying-message } { none }
%   \end{verbatim}
% \end{function}
%
% \section{Low-level message functions}
%
% The lower-level message functions should usually be accessed from the
% higher-level system. However, there are occasions where direct
% access to these functions is desirable.
%
% \begin{function}[added = 2012-06-28]{\msg_interrupt:nnn}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{msg_interrupt:nnn} \Arg{first line} \Arg{text} \Arg{extra text}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Interrupts the \TeX{} run, issuing a formatted message comprising
%   \meta{first line} and \meta{text} laid out in the format
%   \begin{verbatim}
%     !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
%     !
%     ! <first line>
%     !
%     ! <text>
%     !...............................................
%   \end{verbatim}
%   where the \meta{text} is wrapped to fit within the current
%   line length. The user may then request more information, at which
%   stage the \meta{extra text} is shown in the terminal in the
%   format
%   \begin{verbatim}
%     |'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
%     |  <extra text>
%     |...............................................
%   \end{verbatim}
%   where the \meta{extra text} is wrapped within the current
%   line length. Wrapping of both \meta{text} and \meta{more text} takes place
%   using \cs{iow_wrap:nnnN}; the documentation for the latter should be
%   consulted for full details.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[added = 2012-06-28]{\msg_log:n}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{msg_log:n} \Arg{text}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Writes to the log file with the \meta{text} laid out in the format
%   \begin{verbatim}
%     .................................................
%     . <text>
%     .................................................
%   \end{verbatim}
%   where the \meta{text} is wrapped to fit within the current
%   line length.  Wrapping takes place using \cs{iow_wrap:nnnN}; the
%   documentation for the latter should be consulted for full details.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[added = 2012-06-28]{\msg_term:n}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{msg_term:n} \Arg{text}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Writes to the terminal and log file with the \meta{text} laid out in the
%   format
%   \begin{verbatim}
%     *************************************************
%     * <text>
%     *************************************************
%   \end{verbatim}
%   where the \meta{text} is wrapped to fit within the current
%   line length. Wrapping takes place using \cs{iow_wrap:nnnN}; the
%   documentation for the latter should be consulted for full details.
% \end{function}
%
% \section{Kernel-specific functions}
%
% Messages from \LaTeX3 itself are handled by the general message system,
% but have their own functions. This allows some text to be pre-defined,
% and also ensures that serious errors can be handled properly.
%
% \begin{function}[updated = 2011-08-16]
%   {\__msg_kernel_new:nnnn, \__msg_kernel_new:nnn}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{__msg_kernel_new:nnnn} \Arg{module} \Arg{message} \Arg{text} \Arg{more text}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Creates a kernel \meta{message} for a given \meta{module}.
%   The message is defined to first give \meta{text} and then
%   \meta{more text} if the user requests it. If no \meta{more text} is
%   available then a standard text is given instead. Within \meta{text}
%   and \meta{more text} four parameters (|#1| to |#4|) can be used:
%   these will be supplied and expanded at the time the message is used.
%   An error is raised if the \meta{message} already exists.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}{\__msg_kernel_set:nnnn, \__msg_kernel_set:nnn}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{__msg_kernel_set:nnnn} \Arg{module} \Arg{message} \Arg{text} \Arg{more text}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Sets up the text for a kernel \meta{message} for a given \meta{module}.
%   The message is defined to first give \meta{text} and then
%   \meta{more text} if the user requests it. If no \meta{more text} is
%   available then a standard text is given instead. Within \meta{text}
%   and \meta{more text} four parameters (|#1| to |#4|) can be used:
%   these will be supplied and expanded at the time the message is used.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[updated = 2012-08-11]
%   {
%     \__msg_kernel_fatal:nnnnnn ,
%     \__msg_kernel_fatal:nnnnn  ,
%     \__msg_kernel_fatal:nnnn   ,
%     \__msg_kernel_fatal:nnn    ,
%     \__msg_kernel_fatal:nn     ,
%     \__msg_kernel_fatal:nnxxxx ,
%     \__msg_kernel_fatal:nnxxx  ,
%     \__msg_kernel_fatal:nnxx   ,
%     \__msg_kernel_fatal:nnx
%   }
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{__msg_kernel_fatal:nnnnnn} \Arg{module} \Arg{message} \Arg{arg one} \Arg{arg two} \Arg{arg three} \Arg{arg four}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Issues kernel \meta{module} error \meta{message}, passing \meta{arg one}
%   to \meta{arg four} to the text-creating functions. After issuing a
%   fatal error the \TeX{} run halts. Cannot be redirected.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[updated = 2012-08-11]
%   {
%     \__msg_kernel_error:nnnnnn ,
%     \__msg_kernel_error:nnnnn  ,
%     \__msg_kernel_error:nnnn   ,
%     \__msg_kernel_error:nnn    ,
%     \__msg_kernel_error:nn     ,
%     \__msg_kernel_error:nnxxxx ,
%     \__msg_kernel_error:nnxxx  ,
%     \__msg_kernel_error:nnxx   ,
%     \__msg_kernel_error:nnx
%   }
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{__msg_kernel_error:nnnnnn} \Arg{module} \Arg{message} \Arg{arg one} \Arg{arg two} \Arg{arg three} \Arg{arg four}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Issues kernel \meta{module} error \meta{message}, passing \meta{arg one}
%   to
%   \meta{arg four} to the text-creating functions. The error
%   stops processing and issues the text at the terminal. After user input,
%   the run continues. Cannot be redirected.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[updated = 2012-08-11]
%   {
%     \__msg_kernel_warning:nnnnnn ,
%     \__msg_kernel_warning:nnnnn  ,
%     \__msg_kernel_warning:nnnn   ,
%     \__msg_kernel_warning:nnn    ,
%     \__msg_kernel_warning:nn     ,
%     \__msg_kernel_warning:nnxxxx ,
%     \__msg_kernel_warning:nnxxx  ,
%     \__msg_kernel_warning:nnxx   ,
%     \__msg_kernel_warning:nnx
%   }
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{__msg_kernel_warning:nnnnnn} \Arg{module} \Arg{message} \Arg{arg one} \Arg{arg two} \Arg{arg three} \Arg{arg four}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Issues kernel \meta{module} warning \meta{message}, passing
%   \meta{arg one} to
%   \meta{arg four} to the text-creating functions. The warning text
%   is added to the log file, but the \TeX{} run is not interrupted.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[updated = 2012-08-11]
%   {
%     \__msg_kernel_info:nnnnnn ,
%     \__msg_kernel_info:nnnnn  ,
%     \__msg_kernel_info:nnnn   ,
%     \__msg_kernel_info:nnn    ,
%     \__msg_kernel_info:nn     ,
%     \__msg_kernel_info:nnxxxx ,
%     \__msg_kernel_info:nnxxx  ,
%     \__msg_kernel_info:nnxx   ,
%     \__msg_kernel_info:nnx
%   }
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{__msg_kernel_info:nnnnnn} \Arg{module} \Arg{message} \Arg{arg one} \Arg{arg two} \Arg{arg three} \Arg{arg four}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Issues kernel \meta{module} information \meta{message}, passing
%   \meta{arg one} to \meta{arg four} to the text-creating functions.
%   The information text is added to the log file.
% \end{function}
%
% \section{Expandable errors}
%
% In a few places, the \LaTeX3 kernel needs to produce errors in an
% expansion only context. This must be handled internally very
% differently from normal error messages, as none of the tools
% to print to the terminal or the log file are expandable.
% However, the interface is similar, with the important caveat that the
% message text and arguments are not expanded, and messages should be
% very short.
%
% \begin{function}[EXP, added = 2011-11-23]
%   {
%     \__msg_kernel_expandable_error:nnnnnn,
%     \__msg_kernel_expandable_error:nnnnn,
%     \__msg_kernel_expandable_error:nnnn,
%     \__msg_kernel_expandable_error:nnn,
%     \__msg_kernel_expandable_error:nn
%   }
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{__msg_kernel_expandable_error:nnnnnn} \Arg{module} \Arg{message} \Arg{arg one} \Arg{arg two} \Arg{arg three} \Arg{arg four}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Issues an error, passing \meta{arg one} to \meta{arg four}
%   to the text-creating functions. The resulting string must
%   be much shorter than a line, otherwise it is cropped.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP, added = 2011-08-11, updated = 2011-08-13]
%   {\__msg_expandable_error:n}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{__msg_expandable_error:n} \Arg{error message}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Issues an \enquote{Undefined error} message from \TeX{} itself,
%   and prints the \meta{error message}. The \meta{error message}
%   must be short: it is cropped at the end of one line.
%   \begin{texnote}
%     This function expands to an empty token list after two steps.
%     Tokens inserted in response to \TeX{}'s prompt are read with
%     the current category code setting, and inserted just after
%     the place where the error message was issued.
%   \end{texnote}
% \end{function}
%
% \section{Internal \pkg{l3msg} functions}
%
% The following functions are used in several kernel modules.
%
% \begin{function}[added = 2015-08-05]{\__msg_log_next:}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{__msg_log_next:} \meta{show-command}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Causes the next \meta{show-command} to send its output to the log
%   file instead of the terminal.  This allows for instance
%   \cs{cs_log:N} to be defined as \cs{__msg_log_next:} \cs{cs_show:N}.
%   The effect of this command lasts until the next use of
%   \cs{__msg_show_wrap:Nn} or \cs{__msg_show_wrap:n} or
%   \cs{__msg_show_variable:NNNnn}, in other words until the next time
%   the \eTeX{} primitive \tn{showtokens} would have been used for
%   showing to the terminal or until the next
%   \texttt{variable-not-defined} error.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[added = 2015-08-05]
%   {
%     \__msg_show_pre:nnnnnn,
%     \__msg_show_pre:nnxxxx,
%     \__msg_show_pre:nnnnnV
%   }
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{__msg_show_pre:nnnnnn} \Arg{module} \Arg{message} \Arg{arg one} \Arg{arg two} \Arg{arg three} \Arg{arg four}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Prints the \meta{message} from \meta{module} in the terminal (or
%   log file if \cs{__msg_log_next:} was issued) without formatting.
%   Used in messages which print complex variable contents completely.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[added = 2015-08-04]{\__msg_show_variable:NNNnn}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{__msg_show_variable:NNNnn} \meta{variable} \meta{if-exist} \meta{if-empty} \Arg{msg} \Arg{formatted content}
%   \end{syntax}
%   If the \meta{variable} does not exist according to \meta{if-exist}
%   (typically \cs{cs_if_exist:NTF}) then throw an error and do nothing
%   more.  Otherwise, if \meta{msg} is not empty, display the message
%   |LaTeX/kernel/show-|\meta{msg} with \cs{token_to_str:N}
%   \meta{variable} as a first argument, and a second argument that is
%   |?| or empty depending on the result of \meta{if-empty} (typically
%   \cs{tl_if_empty:NTF}) on the \meta{variable}.  Then display the
%   \meta{formatted content} by giving it as an argument to
%   \cs{__msg_show_wrap:n}.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[added = 2015-08-03, updated = 2015-08-07]{\__msg_show_wrap:Nn}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{__msg_show_wrap:Nn} \meta{function} \Arg{expression}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Shows or logs the \meta{expression} (turned into a string), an
%   equal sign, and the result of applying the \meta{function} to the
%   \Arg{expression}.  For instance, if the \meta{function} is
%   \cs{int_eval:n} and the \meta{expression} is |1+2| then this
%   logs |> 1+2=3.| The case where the \meta{function} is
%   \cs{tl_to_str:n} is special: then the string representation of the
%   \meta{expression} is only logged once.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[added = 2015-08-03]{\__msg_show_wrap:n}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{__msg_show_wrap:n} \Arg{formatted text}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Shows or logs the \meta{formatted text}.  After expansion,
%   unless it is empty, the \meta{formatted text} must contain |>|,
%   and the part of \meta{formatted text} before the first |>| is
%   removed. Failure to do so causes low-level \TeX{} errors.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[updated = 2012-09-09]
%   {\__msg_show_item:n, \__msg_show_item:nn, \__msg_show_item_unbraced:nn}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{__msg_show_item:n}  \meta{item}
%     \cs{__msg_show_item:nn} \meta{item-key} \meta{item-value}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Auxiliary functions used within the last argument of
%   \cs{__msg_show_variable:NNNnn} or \cs{__msg_show_wrap:n}
%   to format variable items correctly for
%   display. The \cs{__msg_show_item:n} version is used for simple lists,
%   the \cs{__msg_show_item:nn} and \cs{__msg_show_item_unbraced:nn} versions
%   for key--value like data structures.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{variable}{\c__msg_coding_error_text_tl}
%   The text
%   \begin{verbatim}
%     This is a coding error.
%   \end{verbatim}
%   used by kernel functions when erroneous programming input is encountered.
% \end{variable}
%
% \end{documentation}
%
% \begin{implementation}
%
% \section{\pkg{l3msg} implementation}
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*initex|package>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<@@=msg>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \begin{variable}{\l_@@_internal_tl}
%   A general scratch for the module.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\tl_new:N \l_@@_internal_tl
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{variable}
%
% \begin{variable}{\l_@@_line_context_bool}
%   Controls whether the line context is shown as part of the decoration
%   of all (non-expandable) messages.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\bool_new:N \l_@@_line_context_bool
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{variable}
%
% \subsection{Creating messages}
%
% Messages are created and used separately, so there two parts to
% the code here. First, a mechanism for creating message text.
% This is pretty simple, as there is not actually a lot to do.
%
% \begin{variable}{\c_@@_text_prefix_tl, \c_@@_more_text_prefix_tl}
%   Locations for the text of messages.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\tl_const:Nn \c_@@_text_prefix_tl      { msg~text~>~ }
\tl_const:Nn \c_@@_more_text_prefix_tl { msg~extra~text~>~ }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{variable}
%
% \begin{macro}[EXP,pTF]{\msg_if_exist:nn}
%   Test whether the control sequence containing the message text exists
%   or not.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\prg_new_conditional:Npnn \msg_if_exist:nn #1#2 { p , T , F , TF }
  {
    \cs_if_exist:cTF { \c_@@_text_prefix_tl #1 / #2 }
      { \prg_return_true: } { \prg_return_false: }
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}[aux]{\__chk_if_free_msg:nn}
%   This auxiliary is similar to \cs{__chk_if_free_cs:N}, and is used when
%   defining messages with \cs{msg_new:nnnn}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\__debug_patch:nnNNpn { }
  { \__debug_log:x { Defining~message~ #1 / #2 ~\msg_line_context: } }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \__chk_if_free_msg:nn #1#2
  {
    \msg_if_exist:nnT {#1} {#2}
      {
        \@@_kernel_error:nnxx { kernel } { message-already-defined }
          {#1} {#2}
      }
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\msg_new:nnnn, \msg_new:nnn}
% \begin{macro}{\msg_gset:nnnn, \msg_gset:nnn}
% \begin{macro}{\msg_set:nnnn, \msg_set:nnn}
%   Setting a message simply means saving the appropriate text
%   into two functions. A sanity check first.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new_protected:Npn \msg_new:nnnn #1#2
  {
    \__chk_if_free_msg:nn {#1} {#2}
    \msg_gset:nnnn {#1} {#2}
  }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \msg_new:nnn #1#2#3
  { \msg_new:nnnn {#1} {#2} {#3} { } }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \msg_set:nnnn #1#2#3#4
  {
    \cs_set:cpn { \c_@@_text_prefix_tl #1 / #2 }
      ##1##2##3##4 {#3}
    \cs_set:cpn { \c_@@_more_text_prefix_tl #1 / #2 }
      ##1##2##3##4 {#4}
  }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \msg_set:nnn #1#2#3
  { \msg_set:nnnn {#1} {#2} {#3} { } }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \msg_gset:nnnn #1#2#3#4
  {
    \cs_gset:cpn { \c_@@_text_prefix_tl #1 / #2 }
      ##1##2##3##4 {#3}
    \cs_gset:cpn { \c_@@_more_text_prefix_tl #1 / #2 }
      ##1##2##3##4 {#4}
  }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \msg_gset:nnn #1#2#3
  { \msg_gset:nnnn {#1} {#2} {#3} { } }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \subsection{Messages: support functions and text}
%
% \begin{variable}
%   {
%     \c_@@_coding_error_text_tl ,
%     \c_@@_continue_text_tl     ,
%     \c_@@_critical_text_tl     ,
%     \c_@@_fatal_text_tl        ,
%     \c_@@_help_text_tl         ,
%     \c_@@_no_info_text_tl      ,
%     \c_@@_on_line_text_tl      ,
%     \c_@@_return_text_tl       ,
%     \c_@@_trouble_text_tl
%   }
% Simple pieces of text for messages.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\tl_const:Nn \c_@@_coding_error_text_tl
  {
    This~is~a~coding~error.
    \\ \\
  }
\tl_const:Nn \c_@@_continue_text_tl
  { Type~<return>~to~continue }
\tl_const:Nn \c_@@_critical_text_tl
  { Reading~the~current~file~'\g_file_curr_name_str'~will~stop. }
\tl_const:Nn \c_@@_fatal_text_tl
  { This~is~a~fatal~error:~LaTeX~will~abort. }
\tl_const:Nn \c_@@_help_text_tl
  { For~immediate~help~type~H~<return> }
\tl_const:Nn \c_@@_no_info_text_tl
  {
    LaTeX~does~not~know~anything~more~about~this~error,~sorry.
    \c_@@_return_text_tl
  }
\tl_const:Nn \c_@@_on_line_text_tl { on~line }
\tl_const:Nn \c_@@_return_text_tl
  {
    \\ \\
    Try~typing~<return>~to~proceed.
    \\
    If~that~doesn't~work,~type~X~<return>~to~quit.
  }
\tl_const:Nn \c_@@_trouble_text_tl
  {
    \\ \\
    More~errors~will~almost~certainly~follow: \\
    the~LaTeX~run~should~be~aborted.
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{variable}
%
% \begin{macro}{\msg_line_number:, \msg_line_context:}
%   For writing the line number nicely. \cs{msg_line_context:} was set up
%   earlier, so this is not \texttt{new}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new:Npn \msg_line_number: { \int_use:N \tex_inputlineno:D }
\cs_gset:Npn \msg_line_context:
  {
    \c_@@_on_line_text_tl
    \c_space_tl
    \msg_line_number:
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \subsection{Showing messages: low level mechanism}
%
% \begin{macro}{\msg_interrupt:nnn}
%   The low-level interruption macro is rather opaque, unfortunately.
%   Depending on the availability of more information there is a choice
%   of how to set up the further help.  We feed the extra help text and
%   the message itself to a wrapping auxiliary, in this order because we
%   must first setup \TeX{}'s \tn{errhelp} register before issuing an
%   \tn{errmessage}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new_protected:Npn \msg_interrupt:nnn #1#2#3
  {
    \tl_if_empty:nTF {#3}
      {
        \@@_interrupt_wrap:nn { \\ \c_@@_no_info_text_tl }
          {#1 \\\\ #2 \\\\ \c_@@_continue_text_tl }
      }
      {
        \@@_interrupt_wrap:nn { \\ #3 }
          {#1 \\\\ #2 \\\\ \c_@@_help_text_tl }
      }
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}[aux]{\@@_interrupt_wrap:nn}
% \begin{macro}[aux]{\@@_interrupt_more_text:n}
%   First setup \TeX{}'s \tn{errhelp} register with the extra help |#1|,
%   then build a nice-looking error message with |#2|.  Everything is
%   done using \texttt{x}-type expansion as the new line markers are
%   different for the two type of text and need to be correctly set up.
%   The auxiliary \cs{@@_interrupt_more_text:n} receives its argument
%   as a line-wrapped string, which is thus unaffected by expansion.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_interrupt_wrap:nn #1#2
  {
    \iow_wrap:nnnN {#1} { | ~ } { } \@@_interrupt_more_text:n
    \iow_wrap:nnnN {#2} { ! ~ } { } \@@_interrupt_text:n
  }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_interrupt_more_text:n #1
  {
    \exp_args:Nx \tex_errhelp:D
      {
        |'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
        #1 \iow_newline:
        |...............................................
      }
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}[aux]{\@@_interrupt_text:n}
%   The business end of the process starts by producing some visual
%   separation of the message from the main part of the log.  The error
%   message needs to be printed with everything made
%   \enquote{invisible}: \TeX{}'s own information involves the macro in
%   which \tn{errmessage} is called, and the end of the argument of the
%   \tn{errmessage}, including the closing brace.  We use an active |!|
%   to call the \tn{errmessage} primitive, and end its argument with
%   \cs{use_none:n} \Arg{dots} which fills the output with dots.  Two
%   trailing closing braces are turned into spaces to hide them as well.
%   The group in which we alter the definition of the active |!| is
%   closed before producing the message: this ensures that tokens
%   inserted by typing |I| in the command-line are inserted after
%   the message is entirely cleaned up.
%
%   The \cs{__iow_with:Nnn} auxiliary, defined in \pkg{l3file}, expects
%   an \meta{integer variable}, an integer \meta{value}, and some
%   \meta{code}.  It runs the \meta{code} after ensuring that the
%   \meta{integer variable} takes the given \meta{value}, then restores
%   the former value of the \meta{integer variable} if needed.  We use
%   it to ensure that the \tn{newlinechar} is $10$, as needed for
%   \cs{iow_newline:} to work, and that \tn{errorcontextlines} is $-1$,
%   to avoid showing irrelevant context.  Note that restoring the former
%   value of these integers requires inserting tokens after the
%   \tn{errmessage}, which go in the way of tokens which could be
%   inserted by the user.  This is unavoidable.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\group_begin:
  \char_set_lccode:nn {`\{} {`\ }
  \char_set_lccode:nn {`\}} {`\ }
  \char_set_lccode:nn {`\&} {`\!}
  \char_set_catcode_active:N \&
\tex_lowercase:D
  {
    \group_end:
    \cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_interrupt_text:n #1
      {
        \iow_term:x
          {
            \iow_newline:
            !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
            \iow_newline:
            !
          }
        \__iow_with:Nnn \tex_newlinechar:D { `\^^J }
          {
            \__iow_with:Nnn \tex_errorcontextlines:D { -1 }
              {
                \group_begin:
                  \cs_set_protected:Npn &
                    {
                      \tex_errmessage:D
                        {
                          #1
                          \use_none:n
                            { ............................................ }
                        }
                    }
                  \exp_after:wN
                \group_end:
                &
              }
          }
      }
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\msg_log:n}
% \begin{macro}{\msg_term:n}
%   Printing to the log or terminal without a stop is rather easier.
%   A bit of simple visual work sets things off nicely.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new_protected:Npn \msg_log:n #1
  {
    \iow_log:n { ................................................. }
    \iow_wrap:nnnN { . ~ #1} { . ~ } { } \iow_log:n
    \iow_log:n { ................................................. }
  }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \msg_term:n #1
  {
    \iow_term:n { ************************************************* }
    \iow_wrap:nnnN { * ~ #1} { * ~ } { } \iow_term:n
    \iow_term:n { ************************************************* }
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \subsection{Displaying messages}
%
% \LaTeX{} is handling error messages and so the \TeX{} ones are disabled.
% This is already done by the \LaTeXe{} kernel, so to avoid messing up any
% deliberate change by a user this is only set in format mode.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*initex>
\int_gset:Nn \tex_errorcontextlines:D { -1 }
%</initex>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \begin{macro}
%   {
%     \msg_fatal_text:n    ,
%     \msg_critical_text:n ,
%     \msg_error_text:n    ,
%     \msg_warning_text:n  ,
%     \msg_info_text:n
%   }
%   A function for issuing messages: both the text and order could
%   in principle vary.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new:Npn \msg_fatal_text:n #1
  {
    Fatal~#1~error
    \bool_if:NT \l_@@_line_context_bool { ~ \msg_line_context: }
  }
\cs_new:Npn \msg_critical_text:n #1
  {
    Critical~#1~error
    \bool_if:NT \l_@@_line_context_bool { ~ \msg_line_context: }
  }
\cs_new:Npn \msg_error_text:n #1
  {
    #1~error
    \bool_if:NT \l_@@_line_context_bool { ~ \msg_line_context: }
  }
\cs_new:Npn \msg_warning_text:n #1
  {
    #1~warning
    \bool_if:NT \l_@@_line_context_bool { ~ \msg_line_context: }
  }
\cs_new:Npn \msg_info_text:n #1
  {
    #1~info
    \bool_if:NT \l_@@_line_context_bool { ~ \msg_line_context: }
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\msg_see_documentation_text:n}
%   Contextual footer information.  The \LaTeX{} module only comprises
%   \LaTeX3 code, so we refer to the \LaTeX3 documentation rather than
%   simply \enquote{\LaTeX{}}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new:Npn \msg_see_documentation_text:n #1
  {
    \\ \\ See~the~
    \str_if_eq:nnTF {#1} { LaTeX } { LaTeX3 } {#1} ~
    documentation~for~further~information.
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\@@_class_new:nn}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\group_begin:
  \cs_set_protected:Npn \@@_class_new:nn #1#2
    {
      \prop_new:c { l_@@_redirect_ #1 _prop }
      \cs_new_protected:cpn { @@_ #1 _code:nnnnnn }
          ##1##2##3##4##5##6 {#2}
      \cs_new_protected:cpn { msg_ #1 :nnnnnn } ##1##2##3##4##5##6
        {
          \use:x
            {
              \exp_not:n { \@@_use:nnnnnnn {#1} {##1} {##2} }
                { \tl_to_str:n {##3} } { \tl_to_str:n {##4} }
                { \tl_to_str:n {##5} } { \tl_to_str:n {##6} }
            }
        }
      \cs_new_protected:cpx { msg_ #1 :nnnnn } ##1##2##3##4##5
        { \exp_not:c { msg_ #1 :nnnnnn } {##1} {##2} {##3} {##4} {##5} { } }
      \cs_new_protected:cpx { msg_ #1 :nnnn } ##1##2##3##4
        { \exp_not:c { msg_ #1 :nnnnnn } {##1} {##2} {##3} {##4} { } { } }
      \cs_new_protected:cpx { msg_ #1 :nnn } ##1##2##3
        { \exp_not:c { msg_ #1 :nnnnnn } {##1} {##2} {##3} { } { } { } }
      \cs_new_protected:cpx { msg_ #1 :nn } ##1##2
        { \exp_not:c { msg_ #1 :nnnnnn } {##1} {##2} { } { } { } { } }
      \cs_new_protected:cpx { msg_ #1 :nnxxxx } ##1##2##3##4##5##6
        {
          \use:x
            {
              \exp_not:N \exp_not:n
                { \exp_not:c { msg_ #1 :nnnnnn } {##1} {##2} }
                {##3} {##4} {##5} {##6}
            }
        }
      \cs_new_protected:cpx { msg_ #1 :nnxxx } ##1##2##3##4##5
        { \exp_not:c { msg_ #1 :nnxxxx } {##1} {##2} {##3} {##4} {##5} { } }
      \cs_new_protected:cpx { msg_ #1 :nnxx } ##1##2##3##4
        { \exp_not:c { msg_ #1 :nnxxxx } {##1} {##2} {##3} {##4} { } { } }
      \cs_new_protected:cpx { msg_ #1 :nnx } ##1##2##3
        { \exp_not:c { msg_ #1 :nnxxxx } {##1} {##2} {##3} { } { } { } }
    }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}
%   {
%     \msg_fatal:nnnnnn ,
%     \msg_fatal:nnnnn  ,
%     \msg_fatal:nnnn   ,
%     \msg_fatal:nnn    ,
%     \msg_fatal:nn     ,
%     \msg_fatal:nnxxxx ,
%     \msg_fatal:nnxxx  ,
%     \msg_fatal:nnxx   ,
%     \msg_fatal:nnx
%   }
%   For fatal errors, after the error message \TeX{} bails out.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \@@_class_new:nn { fatal }
    {
      \msg_interrupt:nnn
        { \msg_fatal_text:n {#1} : ~ "#2" }
        {
          \use:c { \c_@@_text_prefix_tl #1 / #2 } {#3} {#4} {#5} {#6}
          \msg_see_documentation_text:n {#1}
        }
        { \c_@@_fatal_text_tl }
      \tex_end:D
    }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}
%   {
%     \msg_critical:nnnnnn ,
%     \msg_critical:nnnnn  ,
%     \msg_critical:nnnn   ,
%     \msg_critical:nnn    ,
%     \msg_critical:nn     ,
%     \msg_critical:nnxxxx ,
%     \msg_critical:nnxxx  ,
%     \msg_critical:nnxx   ,
%     \msg_critical:nnx
%   }
%   Not quite so bad: just end the current file.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \@@_class_new:nn { critical }
    {
      \msg_interrupt:nnn
        { \msg_critical_text:n {#1} : ~ "#2" }
        {
          \use:c { \c_@@_text_prefix_tl #1 / #2 } {#3} {#4} {#5} {#6}
          \msg_see_documentation_text:n {#1}
        }
        { \c_@@_critical_text_tl }
      \tex_endinput:D
    }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}
%   {
%     \msg_error:nnnnnn ,
%     \msg_error:nnnnn  ,
%     \msg_error:nnnn   ,
%     \msg_error:nnn    ,
%     \msg_error:nn     ,
%     \msg_error:nnxxxx ,
%     \msg_error:nnxxx  ,
%     \msg_error:nnxx   ,
%     \msg_error:nnx
%   }
% \begin{macro}[aux]{\@@_error:cnnnnn, \@@_no_more_text:nnnn}
%   For an error, the interrupt routine is called.  We check if there is
%   a \enquote{more text} by comparing that control sequence with a
%   permanently empty text.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \@@_class_new:nn { error }
    {
      \@@_error:cnnnnn
        { \c_@@_more_text_prefix_tl #1 / #2 }
        {#3} {#4} {#5} {#6}
        {
          \msg_interrupt:nnn
            { \msg_error_text:n {#1} : ~ "#2" }
            {
              \use:c { \c_@@_text_prefix_tl #1 / #2 } {#3} {#4} {#5} {#6}
              \msg_see_documentation_text:n {#1}
            }
       }
    }
  \cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_error:cnnnnn #1#2#3#4#5#6
    {
      \cs_if_eq:cNTF {#1} \@@_no_more_text:nnnn
        { #6 { } }
        { #6 { \use:c {#1} {#2} {#3} {#4} {#5} } }
    }
  \cs_new:Npn \@@_no_more_text:nnnn #1#2#3#4 { }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}
%   {
%     \msg_warning:nnnnnn ,
%     \msg_warning:nnnnn  ,
%     \msg_warning:nnnn   ,
%     \msg_warning:nnn    ,
%     \msg_warning:nn     ,
%     \msg_warning:nnxxxx ,
%     \msg_warning:nnxxx  ,
%     \msg_warning:nnxx   ,
%     \msg_warning:nnx
%   }
%   Warnings are printed to the terminal.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \@@_class_new:nn { warning }
    {
      \msg_term:n
        {
          \msg_warning_text:n {#1} : ~ "#2" \\ \\
          \use:c { \c_@@_text_prefix_tl #1 / #2 } {#3} {#4} {#5} {#6}
        }
    }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}
%   {
%     \msg_info:nnnnnn ,
%     \msg_info:nnnnn  ,
%     \msg_info:nnnn   ,
%     \msg_info:nnn    ,
%     \msg_info:nn     ,
%     \msg_info:nnxxxx ,
%     \msg_info:nnxxx  ,
%     \msg_info:nnxx   ,
%     \msg_info:nnx
%   }
%   Information only goes into the log.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \@@_class_new:nn { info }
    {
      \msg_log:n
        {
          \msg_info_text:n {#1} : ~ "#2" \\ \\
          \use:c { \c_@@_text_prefix_tl #1 / #2 } {#3} {#4} {#5} {#6}
        }
    }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}
%   {
%     \msg_log:nnnnnn ,
%     \msg_log:nnnnn  ,
%     \msg_log:nnnn   ,
%     \msg_log:nnn    ,
%     \msg_log:nn     ,
%     \msg_log:nnxxxx ,
%     \msg_log:nnxxx  ,
%     \msg_log:nnxx   ,
%     \msg_log:nnx
%   }
%   \enquote{Log} data is very similar to information, but with no extras
%   added.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \@@_class_new:nn { log }
    {
      \iow_wrap:nnnN
        { \use:c { \c_@@_text_prefix_tl #1 / #2 } {#3} {#4} {#5} {#6} }
        { } { } \iow_log:n
    }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}
%   {
%     \msg_none:nnnnnn ,
%     \msg_none:nnnnn  ,
%     \msg_none:nnnn   ,
%     \msg_none:nnn    ,
%     \msg_none:nn     ,
%     \msg_none:nnxxxx ,
%     \msg_none:nnxxx  ,
%     \msg_none:nnxx   ,
%     \msg_none:nnx
%   }
%   The \texttt{none} message type is needed so that input can be gobbled.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \@@_class_new:nn { none } { }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% End the group to eliminate \cs{@@_class_new:nn}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\group_end:
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \begin{macro}[aux]{\@@_class_chk_exist:nT}
%   Checking that a message class exists.  We build this from
%   \cs{cs_if_free:cTF} rather than \cs{cs_if_exist:cTF} because that
%   avoids reading the second argument earlier than necessary.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new:Npn \@@_class_chk_exist:nT #1
  {
    \cs_if_free:cTF { @@_ #1 _code:nnnnnn }
      { \@@_kernel_error:nnx { kernel } { message-class-unknown } {#1} }
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{variable}{\l_@@_class_tl, \l_@@_current_class_tl}
%   Support variables needed for the redirection system.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\tl_new:N \l_@@_class_tl
\tl_new:N \l_@@_current_class_tl
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{variable}
%
% \begin{variable}{\l_@@_redirect_prop}
%   For redirection of individually-named messages
%    \begin{macrocode}
\prop_new:N \l_@@_redirect_prop
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{variable}
%
% \begin{variable}{\l_@@_hierarchy_seq}
%   During redirection, split the message name into a sequence with
%   items |{/module/submodule}|, |{/module}|, and |{}|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\seq_new:N \l_@@_hierarchy_seq
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{variable}
%
% \begin{variable}{\l_@@_class_loop_seq}
%   Classes encountered when following redirections to check for loops.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\seq_new:N \l_@@_class_loop_seq
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{variable}
%
% \begin{macro}[int]{\@@_use:nnnnnnn}
% \begin{macro}[aux]
%   {
%     \@@_use_redirect_name:n  , \@@_use_hierarchy:nwwN ,
%     \@@_use_redirect_module:n, \@@_use_code:
%   }
%   Actually using a message is a multi-step process.  First, some
%   safety checks on the message and class requested.  The code and
%   arguments are then stored to avoid passing them around.  The
%   assignment to \cs{@@_use_code:} is similar to \cs{tl_set:Nn}.
%   The message is eventually produced with whatever \cs{l_@@_class_tl}
%   is when \cs{@@_use_code:} is called.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_use:nnnnnnn #1#2#3#4#5#6#7
  {
    \msg_if_exist:nnTF {#2} {#3}
      {
        \@@_class_chk_exist:nT {#1}
          {
            \tl_set:Nn \l_@@_current_class_tl {#1}
            \cs_set_protected:Npx \@@_use_code:
              {
                \exp_not:n
                  {
                    \use:c { @@_ \l_@@_class_tl _code:nnnnnn }
                      {#2} {#3} {#4} {#5} {#6} {#7}
                  }
              }
            \@@_use_redirect_name:n { #2 / #3 }
          }
      }
      { \@@_kernel_error:nnxx { kernel } { message-unknown } {#2} {#3} }
  }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_use_code: { }
%    \end{macrocode}
%   The first check is for a individual message redirection. If this
%   applies then no further redirection is attempted.  Otherwise, split
%   the message name into \texttt{module/submodule/message} (with an
%   arbitrary number of slashes), and store |{/module/submodule}|,
%   |{/module}| and |{}| into \cs{l_@@_hierarchy_seq}.  We then
%   map through this sequence, applying the most specific redirection.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_use_redirect_name:n #1
  {
    \prop_get:NnNTF \l_@@_redirect_prop { / #1 } \l_@@_class_tl
      { \@@_use_code: }
      {
        \seq_clear:N \l_@@_hierarchy_seq
        \@@_use_hierarchy:nwwN { }
          #1 \q_mark \@@_use_hierarchy:nwwN
          /  \q_mark \use_none_delimit_by_q_stop:w
          \q_stop
        \@@_use_redirect_module:n { }
      }
  }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_use_hierarchy:nwwN #1#2 / #3 \q_mark #4
  {
    \seq_put_left:Nn \l_@@_hierarchy_seq {#1}
    #4 { #1 / #2 } #3 \q_mark #4
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
%   At this point, the items of \cs{l_@@_hierarchy_seq} are the
%   various levels at which we should look for a redirection.
%   Redirections which are less specific than the argument of
%   \cs{@@_use_redirect_module:n} are not attempted.  This argument is
%   empty for a class redirection, \texttt{/module} for a module
%   redirection, \emph{etc.}  Loop through the sequence to find the most
%   specific redirection, with module |##1|.  The loop is interrupted
%   after testing for a redirection for |##1| equal to the argument |#1|
%   (least specific redirection allowed).  When a redirection is found,
%   break the mapping, then if the redirection targets the same class,
%   output the code with that class, and otherwise set the target as the
%   new current class, and search for further redirections.  Those
%   redirections should be at least as specific as |##1|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_use_redirect_module:n #1
  {
    \seq_map_inline:Nn \l_@@_hierarchy_seq
      {
        \prop_get:cnNTF { l_@@_redirect_ \l_@@_current_class_tl _prop }
          {##1} \l_@@_class_tl
          {
            \seq_map_break:n
              {
                \tl_if_eq:NNTF \l_@@_current_class_tl \l_@@_class_tl
                  { \@@_use_code: }
                  {
                    \tl_set_eq:NN \l_@@_current_class_tl \l_@@_class_tl
                    \@@_use_redirect_module:n {##1}
                  }
              }
          }
          {
            \str_if_eq:nnT {##1} {#1}
              {
                \tl_set_eq:NN \l_@@_class_tl \l_@@_current_class_tl
                \seq_map_break:n { \@@_use_code: }
              }
          }
      }
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\msg_redirect_name:nnn}
%   Named message always use the given class even if that class is
%   redirected further.  An empty target class cancels any existing
%   redirection for that message.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new_protected:Npn \msg_redirect_name:nnn #1#2#3
  {
    \tl_if_empty:nTF {#3}
      { \prop_remove:Nn \l_@@_redirect_prop { / #1 / #2 } }
      {
        \@@_class_chk_exist:nT {#3}
          { \prop_put:Nnn \l_@@_redirect_prop { / #1 / #2 } {#3} }
      }
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\msg_redirect_class:nn, \msg_redirect_module:nnn}
% \begin{macro}[aux]{\@@_redirect:nnn, \@@_redirect_loop_chk:nnn}
% \begin{macro}[aux]{\@@_redirect_loop_list:n}
%   If the target class is empty, eliminate the corresponding
%   redirection.  Otherwise, add the redirection.  We must then check
%   for a loop: as an initialization, we start by storing the initial
%   class in \cs{l_@@_current_class_tl}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new_protected:Npn \msg_redirect_class:nn
  { \@@_redirect:nnn { } }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \msg_redirect_module:nnn #1
  { \@@_redirect:nnn { / #1 } }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_redirect:nnn #1#2#3
  {
    \@@_class_chk_exist:nT {#2}
      {
        \tl_if_empty:nTF {#3}
          { \prop_remove:cn { l_@@_redirect_ #2 _prop } {#1} }
          {
            \@@_class_chk_exist:nT {#3}
              {
                \prop_put:cnn { l_@@_redirect_ #2 _prop } {#1} {#3}
                \tl_set:Nn \l_@@_current_class_tl {#2}
                \seq_clear:N \l_@@_class_loop_seq
                \@@_redirect_loop_chk:nnn {#2} {#3} {#1}
              }
          }
      }
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
%   Since multiple redirections can only happen with increasing
%   specificity, a loop requires that all steps are of the same
%   specificity.  The new redirection can thus only create a loop with
%   other redirections for the exact same module, |#1|, and not
%   submodules.  After some initialization above, follow redirections
%   with \cs{l_@@_class_tl}, and keep track in
%   \cs{l_@@_class_loop_seq} of the various classes encountered.  A
%   redirection from a class to itself, or the absence of redirection
%   both mean that there is no loop.  A redirection to the initial class
%   marks a loop.  To break it, we must decide which redirection to
%   cancel.  The user most likely wants the newly added redirection to
%   hold with no further redirection.  We thus remove the redirection
%   starting from |#2|, target of the new redirection.  Note that no
%   message is emitted by any of the underlying functions: otherwise we
%   may get an infinite loop because of a message from the message
%   system itself.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_redirect_loop_chk:nnn #1#2#3
  {
    \seq_put_right:Nn \l_@@_class_loop_seq {#1}
    \prop_get:cnNT { l_@@_redirect_ #1 _prop } {#3} \l_@@_class_tl
      {
        \str_if_eq_x:nnF { \l_@@_class_tl } {#1}
          {
            \tl_if_eq:NNTF \l_@@_class_tl \l_@@_current_class_tl
              {
                \prop_put:cnn { l_@@_redirect_ #2 _prop } {#3} {#2}
                \@@_kernel_warning:nnxxxx
                  { kernel } { message-redirect-loop }
                  { \seq_item:Nn \l_@@_class_loop_seq { 1 } }
                  { \seq_item:Nn \l_@@_class_loop_seq { 2 } }
                  {#3}
                  {
                    \seq_map_function:NN \l_@@_class_loop_seq
                      \@@_redirect_loop_list:n
                    { \seq_item:Nn \l_@@_class_loop_seq { 1 } }
                  }
              }
              { \@@_redirect_loop_chk:onn \l_@@_class_tl {#2} {#3} }
          }
      }
  }
\cs_generate_variant:Nn \@@_redirect_loop_chk:nnn { o }
\cs_new:Npn \@@_redirect_loop_list:n #1 { {#1} ~ => ~ }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \subsection{Kernel-specific functions}
%
% \begin{macro}{\@@_kernel_new:nnnn, \@@_kernel_new:nnn}
% \begin{macro}{\@@_kernel_set:nnnn, \@@_kernel_set:nnn}
%   The kernel needs some messages of its own. These are created using
%   pre-built functions. Two functions are provided: one more general
%   and one which only has the short text part.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_kernel_new:nnnn #1#2
  { \msg_new:nnnn { LaTeX } { #1 / #2 } }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_kernel_new:nnn #1#2
  { \msg_new:nnn { LaTeX } { #1 / #2 } }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_kernel_set:nnnn #1#2
  { \msg_set:nnnn { LaTeX } { #1 / #2 } }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_kernel_set:nnn #1#2
  { \msg_set:nnn { LaTeX } { #1 / #2 } }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}[aux]{\@@_kernel_class_new:nN}
% \begin{macro}[aux]{\@@_kernel_class_new_aux:nN}
%   All the functions for kernel messages come in variants ranging
%   from~$0$ to~$4$ arguments.  Those with less than~$4$ arguments are
%   defined in terms of the $4$-argument variant, in a way very similar
%   to \cs{@@_class_new:nn}.  This auxiliary is destroyed at the end of
%   the group.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\group_begin:
  \cs_set_protected:Npn \@@_kernel_class_new:nN #1
    { \@@_kernel_class_new_aux:nN { kernel_ #1 } }
  \cs_set_protected:Npn \@@_kernel_class_new_aux:nN #1#2
    {
      \cs_new_protected:cpn { @@_ #1 :nnnnnn } ##1##2##3##4##5##6
        {
          \use:x
            {
              \exp_not:n { #2 { LaTeX } { ##1 / ##2 } }
                { \tl_to_str:n {##3} } { \tl_to_str:n {##4} }
                { \tl_to_str:n {##5} } { \tl_to_str:n {##6} }
            }
        }
      \cs_new_protected:cpx { @@_ #1 :nnnnn } ##1##2##3##4##5
        { \exp_not:c { @@_ #1 :nnnnnn } {##1} {##2} {##3} {##4} {##5} { } }
      \cs_new_protected:cpx { @@_ #1 :nnnn } ##1##2##3##4
        { \exp_not:c { @@_ #1 :nnnnnn } {##1} {##2} {##3} {##4} { } { } }
      \cs_new_protected:cpx { @@_ #1 :nnn } ##1##2##3
        { \exp_not:c { @@_ #1 :nnnnnn } {##1} {##2} {##3} { } { } { } }
      \cs_new_protected:cpx { @@_ #1 :nn } ##1##2
        { \exp_not:c { @@_ #1 :nnnnnn } {##1} {##2} { } { } { } { } }
      \cs_new_protected:cpx { @@_ #1 :nnxxxx } ##1##2##3##4##5##6
        {
          \use:x
            {
              \exp_not:N \exp_not:n
                { \exp_not:c { @@_ #1 :nnnnnn } {##1} {##2} }
                {##3} {##4} {##5} {##6}
            }
        }
      \cs_new_protected:cpx { @@_ #1 :nnxxx } ##1##2##3##4##5
        { \exp_not:c { @@_ #1 :nnxxxx } {##1} {##2} {##3} {##4} {##5} { } }
      \cs_new_protected:cpx { @@_ #1 :nnxx } ##1##2##3##4
        { \exp_not:c { @@_ #1 :nnxxxx } {##1} {##2} {##3} {##4} { } { } }
      \cs_new_protected:cpx { @@_ #1 :nnx } ##1##2##3
        { \exp_not:c { @@_ #1 :nnxxxx } {##1} {##2} {##3} { } { } { } }
    }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}
%   {
%     \@@_kernel_fatal:nnnnnn ,
%     \@@_kernel_fatal:nnnnn  ,
%     \@@_kernel_fatal:nnnn   ,
%     \@@_kernel_fatal:nnn    ,
%     \@@_kernel_fatal:nn     ,
%     \@@_kernel_fatal:nnxxxx ,
%     \@@_kernel_fatal:nnxxx  ,
%     \@@_kernel_fatal:nnxx   ,
%     \@@_kernel_fatal:nnx    ,
%     \@@_kernel_error:nnnnnn ,
%     \@@_kernel_error:nnnnn  ,
%     \@@_kernel_error:nnnn   ,
%     \@@_kernel_error:nnn    ,
%     \@@_kernel_error:nn     ,
%     \@@_kernel_error:nnxxxx ,
%     \@@_kernel_error:nnxxx  ,
%     \@@_kernel_error:nnxx   ,
%     \@@_kernel_error:nnx
%   }
%   Neither fatal kernel errors nor kernel errors can be redirected.  We
%   directly use the code for (non-kernel) fatal errors and errors,
%   adding the \enquote{\LaTeX{}} module name.  Three functions are
%   already defined by \pkg{l3basics}; we need to undefine them to avoid
%   errors.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \@@_kernel_class_new:nN { fatal } \@@_fatal_code:nnnnnn
  \cs_undefine:N \@@_kernel_error:nnxx
  \cs_undefine:N \@@_kernel_error:nnx
  \cs_undefine:N \@@_kernel_error:nn
  \@@_kernel_class_new:nN { error } \@@_error_code:nnnnnn
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}
%   {
%     \@@_kernel_warning:nnnnnn ,
%     \@@_kernel_warning:nnnnn  ,
%     \@@_kernel_warning:nnnn   ,
%     \@@_kernel_warning:nnn    ,
%     \@@_kernel_warning:nn     ,
%     \@@_kernel_warning:nnxxxx ,
%     \@@_kernel_warning:nnxxx  ,
%     \@@_kernel_warning:nnxx   ,
%     \@@_kernel_warning:nnx    ,
%     \@@_kernel_info:nnnnnn    ,
%     \@@_kernel_info:nnnnn     ,
%     \@@_kernel_info:nnnn      ,
%     \@@_kernel_info:nnn       ,
%     \@@_kernel_info:nn        ,
%     \@@_kernel_info:nnxxxx    ,
%     \@@_kernel_info:nnxxx     ,
%     \@@_kernel_info:nnxx      ,
%     \@@_kernel_info:nnx
%   }
%   Kernel messages which can be redirected simply use the machinery for
%   normal messages, with the module name \enquote{\LaTeX{}}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \@@_kernel_class_new:nN { warning } \msg_warning:nnxxxx
  \@@_kernel_class_new:nN { info } \msg_info:nnxxxx
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% End the group to eliminate \cs{@@_kernel_class_new:nN}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\group_end:
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Error messages needed to actually implement the message system
% itself.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\@@_kernel_new:nnnn { kernel } { message-already-defined }
  { Message~'#2'~for~module~'#1'~already~defined. }
  {
    \c_@@_coding_error_text_tl
    LaTeX~was~asked~to~define~a~new~message~called~'#2'\\
    by~the~module~'#1':~this~message~already~exists.
    \c_@@_return_text_tl
  }
\@@_kernel_new:nnnn { kernel } { message-unknown }
  { Unknown~message~'#2'~for~module~'#1'. }
  {
    \c_@@_coding_error_text_tl
    LaTeX~was~asked~to~display~a~message~called~'#2'\\
    by~the~module~'#1':~this~message~does~not~exist.
    \c_@@_return_text_tl
  }
\@@_kernel_new:nnnn { kernel } { message-class-unknown }
  { Unknown~message~class~'#1'. }
  {
    LaTeX~has~been~asked~to~redirect~messages~to~a~class~'#1':\\
    this~was~never~defined.
    \c_@@_return_text_tl
  }
\@@_kernel_new:nnnn { kernel } { message-redirect-loop }
  {
    Message~redirection~loop~caused~by~ {#1} ~=>~ {#2}
    \tl_if_empty:nF {#3} { ~for~module~' \use_none:n #3 ' } .
  }
  {
    Adding~the~message~redirection~ {#1} ~=>~ {#2}
    \tl_if_empty:nF {#3} { ~for~the~module~' \use_none:n #3 ' } ~
    created~an~infinite~loop\\\\
    \iow_indent:n { #4 \\\\ }
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Messages for earlier kernel modules.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\@@_kernel_new:nnnn { kernel } { bad-number-of-arguments }
  { Function~'#1'~cannot~be~defined~with~#2~arguments. }
  {
    \c_@@_coding_error_text_tl
    LaTeX~has~been~asked~to~define~a~function~'#1'~with~
    #2~arguments.~
    TeX~allows~between~0~and~9~arguments~for~a~single~function.
  }
\@@_kernel_new:nnn { kernel } { char-active }
  { Cannot~generate~active~chars. }
\@@_kernel_new:nnn { kernel } { char-invalid-catcode }
  { Invalid~catcode~for~char~generation. }
\@@_kernel_new:nnn { kernel } { char-null-space }
  { Cannot~generate~null~char~as~a~space. }
\@@_kernel_new:nnn { kernel } { char-out-of-range }
  { Charcode~requested~out~of~engine~range. }
\@@_kernel_new:nnn { kernel } { char-space }
  { Cannot~generate~space~chars. }
\@@_kernel_new:nnnn { kernel } { command-already-defined }
  { Control~sequence~#1~already~defined. }
  {
    \c_@@_coding_error_text_tl
    LaTeX~has~been~asked~to~create~a~new~control~sequence~'#1'~
    but~this~name~has~already~been~used~elsewhere. \\ \\
    The~current~meaning~is:\\
    \ \ #2
  }
\@@_kernel_new:nnnn { kernel } { command-not-defined }
  { Control~sequence~#1~undefined. }
  {
    \c_@@_coding_error_text_tl
    LaTeX~has~been~asked~to~use~a~control~sequence~'#1':\\
    this~has~not~been~defined~yet.
  }
\@@_kernel_new:nnn { kernel } { deprecated-command }
  {
    The~deprecated~command~'#2'~has~been~or~will~be~removed~on~#1.
    \tl_if_empty:nF {#3} { ~Use~instead~'#3'. }
  }
\@@_kernel_new:nnnn { kernel } { empty-search-pattern }
  { Empty~search~pattern. }
  {
    \c_@@_coding_error_text_tl
    LaTeX~has~been~asked~to~replace~an~empty~pattern~by~'#1':~that~
    would~lead~to~an~infinite~loop!
  }
\@@_kernel_new:nnnn { kernel } { out-of-registers }
  { No~room~for~a~new~#1. }
  {
    TeX~only~supports~\int_use:N \c_max_register_int \ %
    of~each~type.~All~the~#1~registers~have~been~used.~
    This~run~will~be~aborted~now.
  }
\@@_kernel_new:nnnn { kernel } { non-base-function }
  { Function~'#1'~is~not~a~base~function }
  {
    \c_@@_coding_error_text_tl
    Functions~defined~through~\iow_char:N\\cs_new:Nn~must~have~
    a~signature~consisting~of~only~normal~arguments~'N'~and~'n'.~
    To~define~variants~use~\iow_char:N\\cs_generate_variant:Nn~
    and~to~define~other~functions~use~\iow_char:N\\cs_new:Npn.
  }
\@@_kernel_new:nnnn { kernel } { missing-colon }
  { Function~'#1'~contains~no~':'. }
  {
    \c_@@_coding_error_text_tl
    Code-level~functions~must~contain~':'~to~separate~the~
    argument~specification~from~the~function~name.~This~is~
    needed~when~defining~conditionals~or~variants,~or~when~building~a~
    parameter~text~from~the~number~of~arguments~of~the~function.
  }
\@@_kernel_new:nnnn { kernel } { overflow }
  { Integers~larger~than~2^{30}-1~cannot~be~stored~in~arrays. }
  {
    An~attempt~was~made~to~store~#3~at~position~#2~in~the~array~'#1'.~
    The~largest~allowed~value~#4~will~be~used~instead.
  }
\@@_kernel_new:nnnn { kernel } { out-of-bounds }
  { Access~to~an~entry~beyond~an~array's~bounds. }
  {
    An~attempt~was~made~to~access~or~store~data~at~position~#2~of~the~
    array~'#1',~but~this~array~has~entries~at~positions~from~1~to~#3.
  }
\@@_kernel_new:nnnn { kernel } { protected-predicate }
  { Predicate~'#1'~must~be~expandable. }
  {
    \c_@@_coding_error_text_tl
    LaTeX~has~been~asked~to~define~'#1'~as~a~protected~predicate.~
    Only~expandable~tests~can~have~a~predicate~version.
  }
\@@_kernel_new:nnnn { kernel } { conditional-form-unknown }
  { Conditional~form~'#1'~for~function~'#2'~unknown. }
  {
    \c_@@_coding_error_text_tl
    LaTeX~has~been~asked~to~define~the~conditional~form~'#1'~of~
    the~function~'#2',~but~only~'TF',~'T',~'F',~and~'p'~forms~exist.
  }
\@@_kernel_new:nnnn { kernel } { scanmark-already-defined }
  { Scan~mark~#1~already~defined. }
  {
    \c_@@_coding_error_text_tl
    LaTeX~has~been~asked~to~create~a~new~scan~mark~'#1'~
    but~this~name~has~already~been~used~for~a~scan~mark.
  }
\@@_kernel_new:nnnn { kernel } { variable-not-defined }
  { Variable~#1~undefined. }
  {
    \c_@@_coding_error_text_tl
    LaTeX~has~been~asked~to~show~a~variable~#1,~but~this~has~not~
    been~defined~yet.
  }
\@@_kernel_new:nnnn { kernel } { variant-too-long }
  { Variant~form~'#1'~longer~than~base~signature~of~'#2'. }
  {
    \c_@@_coding_error_text_tl
    LaTeX~has~been~asked~to~create~a~variant~of~the~function~'#2'~
    with~a~signature~starting~with~'#1',~but~that~is~longer~than~
    the~signature~(part~after~the~colon)~of~'#2'.
  }
\@@_kernel_new:nnnn { kernel } { invalid-variant }
  { Variant~form~'#1'~invalid~for~base~form~'#2'. }
  {
    \c_@@_coding_error_text_tl
    LaTeX~has~been~asked~to~create~a~variant~of~the~function~'#2'~
    with~a~signature~starting~with~'#1',~but~cannot~change~an~argument~
    from~type~'#3'~to~type~'#4'.
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Some errors are only needed in package mode if debugging is enabled by
% one of the options \texttt{enable-debug}, \texttt{check-declarations},
% \texttt{log-functions}, or on the contrary if debugging is turned off.
% In format mode the error is somewhat different.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*package>
\bool_if:NTF \l@expl@enable@debug@bool
  {
    \@@_kernel_new:nnnn { kernel } { debug }
      { The~debugging~option~'#1'~does~not~exist~\msg_line_context:. }
      {
        The~functions~'\iow_char:N\\debug_on:n'~and~
        '\iow_char:N\\debug_off:n'~only~accept~the~arguments~
        'check-declarations',~'deprecation',~'log-functions',~not~'#1'.
      }
    \@@_kernel_new:nnn { kernel } { expr } { '#2'~in~#1 }
    \@@_kernel_new:nnnn { kernel } { non-declared-variable }
      { The~variable~#1~has~not~been~declared~\msg_line_context:. }
      {
        Checking~is~active,~and~you~have~tried~do~so~something~like: \\
        \ \ \tl_set:Nn ~ #1 ~ \{ ~ ... ~ \} \\
        without~first~having: \\
        \ \ \tl_new:N ~ #1  \\
        \\
        LaTeX~will~create~the~variable~and~continue.
      }
  }
  {
    \@@_kernel_new:nnnn { kernel } { enable-debug }
      { To~use~'#1'~load~expl3~with~the~'enable-debug'~option. }
      {
        The~function~'#1'~will~be~ignored~because~it~can~only~work~if~
        some~internal~functions~in~expl3~have~been~appropriately~
        defined.~This~only~happens~if~one~of~the~options~
        'enable-debug',~'check-declarations'~or~'log-functions'~was~
        given~when~loading~expl3.
      }
  }
%</package>
%<*initex>
\@@_kernel_new:nnnn { kernel } { enable-debug }
  { '#1'~cannot~be~used~in~format~mode. }
  {
    The~function~'#1'~will~be~ignored~because~it~can~only~work~if~
    some~internal~functions~in~expl3~have~been~appropriately~
    defined.~This~only~happens~in~package~mode~(and~only~if~one~of~
    the~options~'enable-debug',~'check-declarations'~or~'log-functions'~
    was~given~when~loading~expl3.
  }
%</initex>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Some errors only appear in expandable settings,
% hence don't need a \enquote{more-text} argument.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\@@_kernel_new:nnn { kernel } { bad-variable }
  { Erroneous~variable~#1 used! }
\@@_kernel_new:nnn { kernel } { misused-sequence }
  { A~sequence~was~misused. }
\@@_kernel_new:nnn { kernel } { misused-prop }
  { A~property~list~was~misused. }
\@@_kernel_new:nnn { kernel } { negative-replication }
  { Negative~argument~for~\prg_replicate:nn. }
\@@_kernel_new:nnn { kernel } { unknown-comparison }
  { Relation~'#1'~unknown:~use~=,~<,~>,~==,~!=,~<=,~>=. }
\@@_kernel_new:nnn { kernel } { zero-step }
  { Zero~step~size~for~step~function~#1. }
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Messages used by the \enquote{\texttt{show}} functions.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\@@_kernel_new:nnn { kernel } { show-clist }
  {
    The~comma~list~ \tl_if_empty:nF {#1} { #1 ~ }
    \tl_if_empty:nTF {#2}
      { is~empty }
      { contains~the~items~(without~outer~braces): }
  }
\@@_kernel_new:nnn { kernel } { show-prop }
  {
    The~property~list~#1~
    \tl_if_empty:nTF {#2}
      { is~empty }
      { contains~the~pairs~(without~outer~braces): }
  }
\@@_kernel_new:nnn { kernel } { show-seq }
  {
    The~sequence~#1~
    \tl_if_empty:nTF {#2}
      { is~empty }
      { contains~the~items~(without~outer~braces): }
  }
\@@_kernel_new:nnn { kernel } { show-streams }
  {
    \tl_if_empty:nTF {#2} { No~ } { The~following~ }
    \str_case:nn {#1}
      {
        { ior } { input ~ }
        { iow } { output ~ }
      }
    streams~are~
    \tl_if_empty:nTF {#2} { open } { in~use: }
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection{Expandable errors}
%
% \begin{macro}[int]{\@@_expandable_error:n}
% \begin{macro}[aux]{\@@_expandable_error:w}
%   In expansion only context, we cannot use the normal means of
%   reporting errors. Instead, we feed \TeX{} an undefined control
%   sequence, \cs{LaTeX3 error:}. It is thus interrupted, and shows
%   the context, which thanks to the odd-looking \cs{use:n} is
%   \begin{verbatim}
%     <argument> \LaTeX3 error:
%                               The error message.
%   \end{verbatim}
%   In other words, \TeX{} is processing the argument of \cs{use:n},
%   which is \cs{LaTeX3 error:} \meta{error message}.
%   Then \cs{@@_expandable_error:w} cleans up. In fact, there
%   is an extra subtlety: if the user inserts tokens for error recovery,
%   they should be kept. Thus we also use an odd space character
%   (with category code $7$) and keep tokens until that space character,
%   dropping everything else until \cs{q_stop}. The \cs{exp_end:} prevents
%   losing braces around the user-inserted text if any, and stops the
%   expansion of \cs{exp:w}.  The group is used to prevent
%   |\LaTeX3~error:| from being globally equal to \cs{scan_stop:}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\group_begin:
\cs_set_protected:Npn \@@_tmp:w #1#2
  {
    \cs_new:Npn \@@_expandable_error:n ##1
      {
        \exp:w
        \exp_after:wN \exp_after:wN
        \exp_after:wN \@@_expandable_error:w
        \exp_after:wN \exp_after:wN
        \exp_after:wN \exp_end:
        \use:n { #1 #2 ##1 } #2
      }
    \cs_new:Npn \@@_expandable_error:w ##1 #2 ##2 #2 {##1}
  }
\exp_args:Ncx \@@_tmp:w { LaTeX3~error: }
  { \char_generate:nn { `\  } { 7 } }
\group_end:
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}
%   {
%     \@@_kernel_expandable_error:nnnnnn,
%     \@@_kernel_expandable_error:nnnnn,
%     \@@_kernel_expandable_error:nnnn,
%     \@@_kernel_expandable_error:nnn,
%     \@@_kernel_expandable_error:nn
%   }
%   The command built from the csname
%   |\c_@@_text_prefix_tl LaTeX / #1 / #2|
%   takes four arguments and builds the error text, which is fed to
%   \cs{@@_expandable_error:n}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new:Npn \@@_kernel_expandable_error:nnnnnn #1#2#3#4#5#6
  {
    \exp_args:Nf \@@_expandable_error:n
      {
        \exp_args:NNc \exp_after:wN \exp_stop_f:
          { \c_@@_text_prefix_tl LaTeX / #1 / #2 }
          {#3} {#4} {#5} {#6}
      }
  }
\cs_new:Npn \@@_kernel_expandable_error:nnnnn #1#2#3#4#5
  {
    \@@_kernel_expandable_error:nnnnnn
      {#1} {#2} {#3} {#4} {#5} { }
  }
\cs_new:Npn \@@_kernel_expandable_error:nnnn #1#2#3#4
  {
    \@@_kernel_expandable_error:nnnnnn
      {#1} {#2} {#3} {#4} { } { }
  }
\cs_new:Npn \@@_kernel_expandable_error:nnn #1#2#3
  {
    \@@_kernel_expandable_error:nnnnnn
      {#1} {#2} {#3} { } { } { }
  }
\cs_new:Npn \@@_kernel_expandable_error:nn #1#2
  {
    \@@_kernel_expandable_error:nnnnnn
      {#1} {#2} { } { } { } { }
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \subsection{Showing variables}
%
% Functions defined in this section are used for diagnostic functions
% in \pkg{l3clist}, \pkg{l3file}, \pkg{l3prop}, \pkg{l3seq}, \pkg{xtemplate}
%
% \begin{variable}{\g_@@_log_next_bool}
% \begin{macro}[int]{\@@_log_next:}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\bool_new:N \g_@@_log_next_bool
\cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_log_next:
  { \bool_gset_true:N \g_@@_log_next_bool }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{variable}
%
% \begin{macro}[int]{\@@_show_pre:nnnnnn, \@@_show_pre:nnxxxx, \@@_show_pre:nnnnnV}
% \begin{macro}[aux]{\@@_show_pre_aux:n}
%   Print the text of a message to the terminal or log file without
%   formatting: short cuts around \cs{iow_wrap:nnnN}.  The choice of
%   terminal or log file is done by \cs{@@_show_pre_aux:n}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_show_pre:nnnnnn #1#2#3#4#5#6
  {
    \exp_args:Nx \iow_wrap:nnnN
      {
        \exp_not:c { \c_@@_text_prefix_tl #1 / #2 }
          { \tl_to_str:n {#3} }
          { \tl_to_str:n {#4} }
          { \tl_to_str:n {#5} }
          { \tl_to_str:n {#6} }
      }
      { } { } \@@_show_pre_aux:n
  }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_show_pre:nnxxxx #1#2#3#4#5#6
  {
    \use:x
      { \exp_not:n { \@@_show_pre:nnnnnn {#1} {#2} } {#3} {#4} {#5} {#6} }
  }
\cs_generate_variant:Nn \@@_show_pre:nnnnnn { nnnnnV }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_show_pre_aux:n
  { \bool_if:NTF \g_@@_log_next_bool { \iow_log:n } { \iow_term:n } }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}[int]{\@@_show_variable:NNNnn}
%   The arguments of \cs{@@_show_variable:NNNnn} are
%   \begin{itemize}
%     \item The \meta{variable} to be shown as |#1|.
%     \item An \meta{if-exist} conditional |#2| with \texttt{NTF}
%       signature.
%     \item An \meta{if-empty} conditional |#3| or other function with
%       \texttt{NTF} signature (sometimes \cs{use_ii:nnn}).
%     \item The \meta{message} |#4| to use.
%     \item A construction |#5| which produces the formatted string
%       eventually passed to the \tn{showtokens} primitive.  Typically
%       this is a mapping of the form \cs{seq_map_function:NN}
%       \meta{variable} \cs{@@_show_item:n}.
%   \end{itemize}
%   If \meta{if-exist} \meta{variable} is \texttt{false}, throw an
%   error and remember to reset \cs{g_@@_log_next_bool}, which is
%   otherwise reset by \cs{@@_show_wrap:n}.  If \meta{message} is not
%   empty, output the message |LaTeX/kernel/show-|\meta{message} with
%   as its arguments the \meta{variable}, and either an empty second
%   argument or |?| depending on the result of \meta{if-empty}
%   \meta{variable}.  Afterwards, show the contents of |#5| using
%   \cs{@@_show_wrap:n} or \cs{@@_log_wrap:n}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_show_variable:NNNnn #1#2#3#4#5
  {
    #2 #1
      {
        \tl_if_empty:nF {#4}
          {
            \@@_show_pre:nnxxxx { LaTeX / kernel } { show- #4 }
              { \token_to_str:N #1 } { #3 #1 { } { ? } } { } { }
          }
        \@@_show_wrap:n {#5}
      }
      {
        \@@_kernel_error:nnx { kernel } { variable-not-defined }
          { \token_to_str:N #1 }
        \bool_gset_false:N \g_@@_log_next_bool
      }
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}[int]{\@@_show_wrap:Nn}
%   A short-hand used for \cs{int_show:n} and many other functions that
%   passes to \cs{@@_show_wrap:n} the result of applying |#1| (a
%   function such as \cs{int_eval:n}) to the expression |#2|.  The
%   leading |>~| is needed by \cs{@@_show_wrap:n}.  The use of
%   \texttt{x}-expansion ensures that |#1| is expanded in the scope in which the
%   show command is called, rather than in the group created by
%   \cs{iow_wrap:nnnN}.  This is only important for expressions
%   involving the \tn{currentgrouplevel} or \tn{currentgrouptype}.
%   On the other hand we want the expression to be converted to a string
%   with the usual escape character, hence within the wrapping code.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_show_wrap:Nn #1#2
  {
    \exp_args:Nx \@@_show_wrap:n
      {
        > ~ \exp_not:n { \tl_to_str:n {#2} } =
        \exp_not:N \tl_to_str:n { #1 {#2} }
      }
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}[int]{\@@_show_wrap:n}
% \begin{macro}[aux]{\@@_show_wrap_aux:n}
% \begin{macro}[aux, EXP]{\@@_show_wrap_aux:w}
%   The argument of \cs{@@_show_wrap:n} is line-wrapped using
%   \cs{iow_wrap:nnnN}.  Everything before the first~|>| in the wrapped
%   text is removed, as well as an optional space following it (because
%   of \texttt{f}-expansion).  In order for line-wrapping to give the
%   correct result, the first~|>| must in fact appear at the beginning
%   of a line and be followed by a space (or a line-break), so in
%   practice, the argument of \cs{@@_show_wrap:n} begins with |>~| or
%   |\\>~|.
%
%   The line-wrapped text is then either sent to the log file through
%   \cs{iow_log:x}, or shown in the terminal using the
%   \eTeX{} primitive \tn{showtokens} after removing a leading |>~| and
%   trailing dot since those are added automatically by
%   \tn{showtokens}.  The trailing dot was included in the first place
%   because its presence can affect line-wrapping.  Note that the space
%   after |>| is removed through \texttt{f}-expansion rather than by
%   using an argument delimited by |>~| because the space may have been
%   replaced by a line-break when line-wrapping.
%
%   A special case is that if the line-wrapped text is a single dot (in
%   other words if the argument of \cs{@@_show_wrap:n}
%   \texttt{x}-expands to nothing) then no |>~| should be removed.
%   This makes it unnecessary to check explicitly for emptyness when
%   using for instance \cs{seq_map_function:NN} \meta{seq~var}
%   \cs{@@_show_item:n} as the argument of \cs{@@_show_wrap:n}.
%
%   Finally, the token list \cs{l_@@_internal_tl} containing the result
%   of all these manipulations is displayed to the terminal using
%   \cs{etex_showtokens:D} and odd \cs{exp_after:wN} which expand the
%   closing brace to improve the output slightly.  The calls to
%   \cs{__iow_with:Nnn} ensure that the \tn{newlinechar} is set to~$10$
%   so that the \cs{iow_newline:} inserted by the line-wrapping code
%   are correctly recognized by \TeX{}, and that \tn{errorcontextlines}
%   is $-1$ to avoid printing irrelevant context.
%
%   Note also that \cs{g_@@_log_next_bool} is only reset if that is
%   necessary.  This allows the user of an interactive prompt to insert
%   tokens as a response to \eTeX{}'s \tn{showtokens}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_show_wrap:n #1
  { \iow_wrap:nnnN { #1 . } { } { } \@@_show_wrap_aux:n }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_show_wrap_aux:n #1
  {
    \tl_if_single:nTF {#1}
      { \tl_clear:N \l_@@_internal_tl }
      { \tl_set:Nf \l_@@_internal_tl { \@@_show_wrap_aux:w #1 \q_stop } }
    \bool_if:NTF \g_@@_log_next_bool
      {
        \iow_log:x { > ~ \l_@@_internal_tl . }
        \bool_gset_false:N \g_@@_log_next_bool
      }
      {
        \__iow_with:Nnn \tex_newlinechar:D { 10 }
          {
            \__iow_with:Nnn \tex_errorcontextlines:D { -1 }
              {
                \etex_showtokens:D \exp_after:wN \exp_after:wN \exp_after:wN
                  { \exp_after:wN \l_@@_internal_tl }
              }
          }
      }
  }
\cs_new:Npn \@@_show_wrap_aux:w #1 > #2 . \q_stop {#2}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}[int,EXP]{\@@_show_item:n}
% \begin{macro}[int,EXP]{\@@_show_item:nn}
% \begin{macro}[int,EXP]{\@@_show_item_unbraced:nn}
%   Each item in the variable is formatted using one of
%   the following functions.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new:Npn \@@_show_item:n #1
  {
    \\ > \ \ \{ \tl_to_str:n {#1} \}
  }
\cs_new:Npn \@@_show_item:nn #1#2
  {
    \\ > \ \ \{ \tl_to_str:n {#1} \}
    \ \ => \ \ \{ \tl_to_str:n {#2} \}
  }
\cs_new:Npn \@@_show_item_unbraced:nn #1#2
  {
    \\ > \ \ \tl_to_str:n {#1}
    \ \ => \ \ \tl_to_str:n {#2}
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%</initex|package>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \end{implementation}
%
% \PrintIndex
